Thrush in newborns is caused by the infection of the oral mucosa with Candida albicans (a genus of mycobacteria). The white film covers the mucous membrane of the mouth gum and is not easily removed. Initially into small flakes, gradually fused into a large, shaped like milk fast.
This disease is caused by Candida albicans infection. This fungus can sometimes be found in the mouth when the infant is malnourished or weakened. The infection is most often transmitted to newborns by the birth canal, or by contamination from unclean breastfeeding teats or feeders’ fingers.
The following conditions can cause infection
1, the mother’s vagina has mycobacterial infection infants are born through the birth canal, contact with the mother’s secretions and infection.
2, incomplete sterilization of the bottle teat, breastfeeding, the mother’s nipples are not clean can be a source of infection
3, contact with food clothing and toys infected with Candida. In addition, infants and toddlers begin to teething at 6 to 7 months of age, when the dental bed may have a mild sense of swelling, infants and toddlers will love to bite fingers, bite toys so that it is easy to bring bacteria, mold into the mouth, causing infection.
4, living in a group in a kindergarten can sometimes cause thrush due to cross infection.
5, long-term use of antibacterial agents or inappropriate application of hormone therapy, resulting in dysbiosis of the body’s flora, the mold take advantage of the situation and multiply, causing thrush.
Clinical manifestations
1, the oral mucosa appears milky white slightly elevated plaque film, no inflammatory reaction around, shaped like milk lumps without pain, after wiping away the plaque film, the red traumatic plaque film not bleeding below can be seen in varying sizes and can appear on the tongue, cheek palate or lip inner mucosa.
2, good occurrence on the mucous membrane of the buccal tongue, soft palate and mouth and lips, the white plaques are not easily wiped off with cotton swabs or wet gauze.
3. When the infection is mild, it is not easily detected unless the mouth is carefully examined, and there is no obvious pain or only a painful expression when eating. In severe cases, the baby will be irritable due to pain, cry with poor appetite, have difficulty in breastfeeding, sometimes accompanied by a mild fever.
4, damaged mucous membrane treatment is not timely can be continuously expanded to the pharynx, tonsils, gums and other more serious lesions can spread to the esophagus, bronchi, causing candidiasis esophagitis or pulmonary candidiasis appear breathing, swallowing difficulties, a few can be complicated by chronic mucosal skin candidiasis can affect lifelong immune function. It may even cause sepsis secondary to other bacterial infections.
Treatment
Thrush is mostly seen in newborns and children with chronic diarrhea and malnutrition, or children with long-term use of antibiotics and adrenal corticosteroids, as well as unhygienic nipples and eating utensils that allow mycobacteria to invade the oral mucosa. The resistance of these children’s organism is generally poor, if the oral care is not proper, Candida albicans can easily invade and multiply. White dots or flakes of membrane-like material can be seen on both sides of the buccal mucosa, tongue, face, gums, and palate, which cannot be easily swabbed away and forcibly removed, and red trauma without bleeding can be seen below them. In children with severe thrush, the white snowflakes cascade in the mouth, congesting the throat and affecting breathing, making the child irritable and refusing to eat.
Topical medication
It is easy to treat thrush, and can be treated with a mixture of mycophenolate and cod liver oil drops, which can be applied to the wounded surface every 4 hours.
Systemic medication
Children with severe symptoms can also be treated with oral antifungal medications such as mycophenolate or clotrimazole.
Food hygiene
Keep the tableware and food clean, use bottles, nipples, bowls and spoons exclusively, wash them with alkaline water after use, and disinfect them by boiling. For breastfeeding, the mother should wash her hands and clean the nipples before each feeding.
Nutritional supply
Choose foods that are easily digested and absorbed and rich in high-quality protein, and increase the supply of vitamins B and C, such as animal liver, lean meat, fish, and fresh vegetables and fruits.
Prevention
Let’s first look at how these Candida that cause thrush come about. These invisible to the naked eye molds mainly come from the maternal vagina, health care workers who carry the bacteria, and bottles and diapers that are not strictly sterilized. The baby’s skin or oral mucosa can become locally infected when it comes into contact with these mold-contaminated items. Therefore, new mothers and nursing staff should pay attention to personal hygiene. Mothers should wash their hands and wipe their nipples with warm water before breastfeeding, and nursing staff should wash their hands before each contact with the baby; bottles should be sterilized by boiling water before each use. When white flocculent growths are found in the baby’s mouth, some elderly people like to scrub their mouths with their hands or cloths, which is futile and the white spots will grow back in a few days. Even if the surface is wiped off there are still many mold present, and at a certain point it multiplies again. Because the weak alkaline environment is not conducive to the growth of mold, so the use of 2%-5% soda to clean the mouth. Other methods such as 1% glycerin or Chinese medicine ice borax coated oral cavity are effective. The most effective method is to use the liquid containing 50-100,000 units of mycobacterium per milliliter to apply locally, 3 times a day, do not eat milk or drink water when applying the drug, it is best to apply the drug after eating milk, so as not to wash away the drug in the mouth. It is best to apply the medication after eating so as not to wash out the medication in the mouth. It is important to consult with your doctor before using any medication.
Thrush, also known as “white mouth”, mainly occurs in infants and children with chronic diarrhea, malnutrition, and long-term or repeated use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. It can also be contracted from contaminated eating utensils such as bottles and teats that have been poorly sterilized. Thrush manifests as a white milky substance attached to the oral mucosa, which can be seen on the buccal mucosa, tongue and palate, and can sometimes spread to the pharynx, which is not easily wiped off and can bleed easily when wiped off by force. If the lesion involves the esophagus, trachea, bronchus and alveoli, symptoms such as difficulty in swallowing, nausea and vomiting, coughing, difficulty in breathing and hoarseness may occur. The local treatment of thrush is basically similar to that of stomatitis, with topical application of mycophenolate or borax, and also herbal medicine to clear heat and detoxify the toxins.
The oral mucosa of children is thin and tender, so they are easily burned by overheated food, bruised by overly hard food or bitten while eating, and then infections occur leading to mouth ulcers. Some children can also develop oral ulcers when they have diarrhea or are malnourished. Once the ulcer is formed, the chemical composition of the food will stimulate the ulcer surface and cause trauma pain, at this time, the child will show symptoms of refusal to eat, irritability and even fever, which directly affects the health of young children.
After the occurrence of mouth ulcers in children, in addition to good oral cleaning care, drug treatment is indispensable. Now introduce a simple drug treatment method: take pinch of vitamin c 1 tablet, put together into a fine powder, with sterile cotton dipped in a small amount of loose powder on the ulcer surface, every 2 hours, 1-2 days the wound can be healed. There is pain when the powder is first applied to the wound, but it will soon disappear.
The main reason why the above treatment works is that vitamin C promotes wound healing, while corneal ulcers occur when the body lacks riboflavin. Putting these two drugs directly on the wound can make the powder work faster and shorten the treatment time.
Mouth and tongue sores are common in children, especially infants and toddlers. According to the shape and location of the sores, they are called “thrush”, “mouth sores” and “mouth erosion” in Chinese medicine. If it occurs at the two corners of the mouth, it is also known as “yan kou sore”. The cause of mouth sores is multifaceted, and the condition can be mild or severe, with the milder cases only affecting the intake of milk for children, and the heavier ones showing symptoms of general discomfort.
Early detection of children after birth, should often check the child’s mouth, if you see the tongue covered with white flakes, its shape like a goose mouth or snow flakes, or like a milk lump and not easy to wipe away, that is, suffering from thrush disease. For premature babies born with congenital deficiencies, or children who have been sick and weak for a long time, especially those with indigestion and diarrhea, it is necessary to frequently check whether there are white flakes in the mouth or whether there are sores on the tongue, mucous membranes on both sides of the cheeks, the inside of the lips, the gums, and the pharynx of the palate. If an infant or toddler suddenly does not suckle milk, does not want to drink, or refuses to be fed, or smells badly of the mouth, voice does not come out, or sees drooling, etc., it is important to check whether the child’s mouth has mouth sores. When a child complains of mouth pain, generally speaking, mouth and tongue sores are more common (in addition to toothache). If your child has other illnesses and is taking more than two types of antibiotics for a long period of time, it is also important to check the child’s mouth for mouth sores. When a child’s mouth sores are detected, parents should not be too anxious and should find ways to actively treat them. For milder cases, the following methods of treatment can be tried.
Single prescription oral.
1. 30 grams of Centaurea, one dose a day, divided into several oral doses.
2, plate blue root or big green leaf 15 to 30 grams of thick decoction, one dose a day in several times, can also take plate blue root punch.
3, 15 grams of black sesame chewing, treatment of children with mouth sores for a long time is deficient.
Externally applied locally.
1. persimmon cream, applied to the affected area in small amounts daily.
2, Bacopa monniera cream, olive carbon each equal parts, research into fine powder, sprinkle the affected area, 3 times a day.
3.Wild rose flower dew, 3 to 4 times daily.
4, nourishing yin and muscle scatter, first wash the affected area with 3% hydrogen peroxide cotton ball, then wash away the foam with 0, 1% Ravnol cotton ball, wipe dry and then apply this medicine.
5, ice pelican cough Joe Nuo inferior gag that Γ ~ 6 times. Or use a little ice borax medicine with honey, mixed into a paste, coated the affected area can also be;.
6, goose mouth san, for young children thrush, external use a little coated mouth, 3 to 4 times a day. 7, tin class san or Qing Dai San, for mouth ulcers, a little coated mouth, 3 to 4 times a day.
Western medicine.
1. vitamin B2 orally, 1 tablet each time, 2 times a day.
2, 2% to 5% sodium bicarbonate solution, 2% borax solution to clean the mouth, 2 to 3 times a day.
3. For mouth sores caused by taking antibiotics, use mycobacterial suspension solution to wipe the affected area 3 times a day.