The choice of the next step of treatment after surgery for prostate cancer patients is based primarily on pathological findings and PSA levels. The fundamental goal of radical prostatectomy is complete removal of the tumor. Important cancer control endpoints include pathology suggestive of organ confined tumor with negative cut margins, biochemical recurrence (detectable PSA), local progression, metastasis, tumor-specific survival, and overall survival, Gleason score and PSA doubling time. Adjuvant radiotherapy may be beneficial for those with adverse findings in specimens after radical surgery and is recommended at least 3-4 months after surgery, after complete wound healing and return of urinary control. In addition, patients with positive cut margins or extraperitoneal tumor invasion without seminal vesicle or lymph node invasion are most likely to benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy. It is generally accepted that radical surgery can be considered for patients with prostate cancer before clinical stage T3a, but this clinical stage is mainly determined by rectal examinations and imaging examinations such as ultrasound, CT and MRI, so it is sometimes not very accurate. In some patients, postoperative pathological examination of the resected specimen (which is the most accurate staging method) reveals that the pathological stage may be at T3a or worse, and even distant metastases are found some time after surgery. For these patients, surgical resection alone does not completely eliminate the tumor, and further treatment should be continued after surgery, including endocrine therapy and radiotherapy, and PSA monitoring.