How is hemangioma of the liver diagnosed and treated?

Hepatic hemangioma is a relatively common benign tumor of the liver, most commonly known as cavernous hemangioma. There is no evidence that it has the possibility of malignant transformation. The following describes how to diagnose and treat hepatic hemangioma: Diagnosis 1. Medical history asks about the time of onset, course of onset, previous examination means and results. Whether there is distension and discomfort in the upper abdomen or right upper abdomen, whether there is a feeling of fullness after eating and drinking, regurgitation and poor appetite, etc. The presence or absence of abdominal masses. Ask whether there is any history of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and alcoholic cirrhosis, and whether women of childbearing age have a history of taking oral contraceptives. 2, physical examination pay attention to the presence of abdominal masses, manifestations of portal hypertension. Jaundice may appear in a few patients with compression of the bile duct. The presence of purpura and bleeding spots. Note the size and shape of the liver and the presence of tremors on palpation. Auscultation of a few masses can hear vascular murmurs. 3.Check blood routine, stool routine (including stool occult blood), urine routine and liver function, coagulation four, etc. Check serological tests such as AFP, CA19-9 and CEA and hepatitis B antigen and hepatitis C antibody to exclude primary or metastatic liver cancer. To understand whether there is thrombocytopenia and coagulation mechanism disorder 4. Small hemangiomas on ultrasound appear as round or elliptical hyperechoic clusters without acoustic corona, within which intervals of fine tubular or dotted echogenic areas are seen in the shape of sieve mesh with clear, sharp and relief boundaries; larger hemangiomas are round or irregular mixed echogenic occupancies. Color Doppler mostly does not easily detect blood flow signal. 5.CT scan shows low-density foci with smooth edges; after enhancement, early edge enhancement, nodule-like or cloudy flocculent, expanding from the periphery to the center is seen, and the lesion is isointense or slightly high-density filled in delayed scan. If there is a hypodense area in the center of the scan, there is no filling performance. The MRIT1WI shows round or elliptical low signal with clear and sharp borders, while the T2WI shows a significant high signal, which becomes the “bright gun sign”. Large lesions often have heterogeneous signals, and lower signals or mixed signals can be seen in them. Treatment Asymptomatic hemangiomas do not have the potential for malignant transformation or spontaneous rupture, they do not require treatment and can be followed up regularly. In cases of rapid enlargement or consideration of malignancy, combined with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome or disseminated intravascular coagulation, surgical resection is indicated. Large hemangiomas with significant symptoms of pressure on adjacent organs, such as abdominal distension and pain, or interference with eating, may also be surgically removed if other possible causes of symptoms are excluded. Surgery is mostly performed by enucleation with excision along the tumor border. The relationship between hemangiomas and oral contraceptives is unclear, and discontinuation of contraceptives may be recommended for female patients with large or symptomatic tumors. There is no evidence to confirm the long-term efficacy of hepatic artery embolization chemotherapy, and the method requires repeated treatment and has the potential to cause bile duct injury and recalcitrant liver abscesses; therefore, it is mostly discouraged. Steroid hormone or radiation therapy is also not advocated.