Pneumothorax is a common disease in thoracic surgery, which simply means the accumulation of air in the pleural cavity, occupying the position of the lung and compressing it so that it cannot work normally, manifesting as chest pain and chest suffocation, severe respiratory distress, and about 2% of fatal pneumothorax, which should not be underestimated. In addition to trauma, primary spontaneous pneumothorax and secondary pneumothorax are clinically common. The former is mostly in young people, there is no underlying disease in the lungs, but there are some anatomical abnormalities called pulmonary alveoli, mostly congenital development, as if there are some small thin-walled balloons on the surface of the lungs, which are easy to break and leak; the latter is mostly seen in the elderly, there are underlying diseases such as bronchitis and emphysema in the lungs, secondary to the rupture of pulmonary alveoli and leakage. Treatment: 1. First attack: If there are many air leaks and heavy symptoms, mostly closed chest drainage needs to be placed to drain the leaking gas and reduce its compression on the lung. About 70% of the clinical cases can be well this time, i.e., no air leakage and satisfactory lung reopening, and about 30% are referred to surgery for persistent air leakage and unsatisfactory lung reopening. Of the 70% of patients who do well, about 25% recur at an average of 14 months. The advantage of drainage alone is that it is simple and less expensive, but the disadvantage is that only the gas is drained and the lung lesion is not treated, which results in a high recurrence rate. Surgical treatment can deal with the lesions at the same time, which can reduce the recurrence rate to less than 3-5%; 2.Recurrence treatment: the traditional way is open-heart surgery, which is a typical large incision and small surgery now; thoracoscopic minimally invasive surgery, the efficacy is equivalent to traditional surgery, but has the outstanding advantages of small trauma (only three 1.5cm incisions are needed to complete the surgery), light pain, small functional impact, and fast recovery (5 days on average after surgery) It is the best choice for the treatment of pneumothorax. 3.For special occupations: such as soldiers, frequent business trips, some people who are facing the entrance exams immediately, the first attack needs to be treated surgically to reduce the impact of pneumothorax recurrence in special moments. 4.Fear: Just because of the emergence of thoracoscopy, some people also choose direct thoracoscopic surgery because of the fear of recurrence.