The principle of ureteroscopic lithotripsy is to pass a 3 mm diameter ureteroscope through the natural lumen (urethra, ureter) or artificial fistula to reach the stone site and apply the Holmium laser lithotripsy rod directly to the stone. In cases where stones are combined with ureteral stenosis and granulation tissue obstruction, the stenosis can also be passed by dilating the stenosis, clamping off or electrolysis of granulation tissue in the ureteral lumen, followed by lithotripsy and removal of the stones by flushing and clamping. Therefore, this method is most suitable for treating patients with stones combined with multiple ureteral stones, stenosis obstruction, fluid accumulation and renal insufficiency. Ureteroscopic ballistic lithotripsy does not produce thermal effects and does not damage the tissues around the stones; the lithotripsy process does not need to be positioned with the help of X-rays, no shock waves are generated, and no radiation or high-energy waves will affect male testes and female ovaries when lithotripsy is performed on lower ureteral stones and bladder and urethral stones. Ureteroscopy is most widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of ureteral stones, especially in cases where conservative treatment has failed, where extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has failed to locate or treat the stone, and where the formation of ureteral “stone streets” after kidney stone lithotripsy is difficult. The methods of ureteroscopic stone extraction include laser lithotripsy, pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy, clamping method, and lithotripsy method. Recently, with the help of lithotripsy and lithotripsy baskets, the success rate is higher for stones that are prone to drift. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy is also a kind of surgery, only a minimally invasive transurethral procedure, without opening the abdomen, and lithotripsy and stone extraction under direct endoscopic view. It has the advantages of precise stone extraction, small trauma, high success rate, few complications and fast recovery, and can generally be discharged from the hospital in 1 – 3 days after surgery.