How does hydrocephalus develop in children? In our lives, we may sometimes encounter “big-headed dolls” with very large head circumferences that appear very uncoordinated. A significant portion of this may be caused by hydrocephalus. Pediatric hydrocephalus is a relatively common neurosurgical condition that can be very dangerous if left untreated, with more than half of the children dying within a year and a half. So how does pediatric hydrocephalus develop? The causes of pediatric hydrocephalus are complex, some are congenital and some are acquired. Commonly, intracranial inflammation, cerebrovascular malformation, traumatic brain injury, various endogenous or exogenous neurotoxins, hypoxia, water and electrolyte disorders, acidosis, liver and kidney failure, etc. can cause fluid accumulation in brain tissue through different mechanisms. Due to these congenital or acquired factors, excessive secretion of intracranial cerebral crest fluid or impaired circulation and absorption can lead to excessive accumulation of intracranial cerebral crest fluid, resulting in hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus can cause enlargement of the ventricular system or the subarachnoid space, which can lead to a series of neurological dysfunctions that are very dangerous and can be life-threatening in severe cases. Treatment of hydrocephalus is also an important issue in the medical field. Although hydrocephalus bypass surgery has been performed more widely and better results are seen, many neurosurgeons are still distressed by the high rate of postoperative complications, such as postoperative infection and postoperative blockage. In fact, these problems can be completely avoided by normalizing the amount of cerebral crest fluid, its composition, ventricular wall abnormalities and ventral wall through a set of specialized comprehensive techniques, followed by modified shunt surgery to effectively prevent various postoperative complications.