Glioma is a common intracranial malignant tumor, which is characterized by infiltrative growth, unclear boundary and easy recurrence. It is the most common primary tumor in the skull, and the surgical treatment of glioma in the functional brain area is a difficult problem in the clinical work of neurosurgery. The surgical treatment of glioma in functional areas of the brain is a difficult clinical problem in neurosurgery. Maximizing the resection of lesions while preserving normal brain function as much as possible, while preserving neurological function to a large extent and avoiding postoperative neurological deficits, which not only improves the quality of postoperative survival of patients, but also leads to a satisfactory long-term prognosis, is the highest goal of surgical treatment of glioma. The survival and quality of life of patients with glioma are closely related to the extent of surgical resection. The treatment of glioma has always been one of the challenges for neurosurgeons, especially the surgical treatment of glioma in functional areas of the brain (cortical and subcortical pathways closely related to language, motor and sensory functions) and low-grade glioma is a difficult clinical problem in neurosurgery, and the main conflict is the trade-off between the degree of lesion excision and neurological functions. Surgery is still the most common and effective treatment for glioma in functional areas. Complete resection of the tumor is the main means to improve the survival and quality of life of patients. However, conventional surgical resection of gliomas located in functional areas often fails to achieve maximum resection due to the tendency to cause neurological deficits. One of the main reasons is that the operator is unable to correctly identify the relationship between the cortical and subcortical structures in the functional area and the lesion during surgery. Therefore, how to perform surgery for gliomas in functional brain areas has been a concern of neurosurgical research. Localization of the lesion through neuronavigation and intraoperative awakening of the patient under general anesthesia to localize the functional brain area and receive tumor resection under neurophysiological techniques in an awake state, and real-time monitoring of possible damage to the functional brain area so as to maximize tumor resection and protect the functional brain area is a new strategy in current glioma surgery in the functional brain area.