Thyroid-related clinical manifestations: complex and varied, with varying degrees of severity. Patients are at different stages of disease onset and can exhibit a wide variety of signs and symptoms, either showing a strong inflammatory response, recurrent lesions, or advanced fibrotic dysfunction, or some lesions can show relative stability or even be self-limiting or improving. There is no method to accurately predict the clinical regression of patients, and the treatment is mostly symptomatic. 1. Treatment principles: Patients with abnormal thyroid function require treatment of the systemic endocrine system, taking into account the treatment of ocular lesions to prevent ocular complications, based on a comprehensive consideration of the systemic situation. The treatment of ocular lesions is mainly based on the duration of the disease and the extent of involvement. (1) Symptomatic treatment: For patients with symptoms such as dryness, foreign body sensation and burning sensation, artificial tear drops can be ordered to relieve the symptoms. In cases of incomplete eyelid closure, antibiotic eye ointment can be applied to the conjunctival sac before bedtime. Patients with eyelid edema can be put to sleep with the head in a high position, etc. (2) Glucocorticoids: For patients with acute inflammatory manifestations of the eye, such as marked protrusion of the eyeball with conjunctival congestion, edema or inflammatory irritation; increased orbital pressure with compressive optic neuropathy and who are not suitable for surgery, etc. (3) Immunosuppressive therapy: Patients can be considered for the use of glucocorticoids when they are ineffective. It can improve periorbital and conjunctival edema, relieve protrusion of the eye, and reduce orbital pressure. It can also be used in combination with glucocorticoids. (4) Botulinum toxin treatment for extraocular myopathy: It is suitable for patients with extraocular myopathy and unstable disease, which can keep patients with monocular vision in both eyes and avoid corrective eye surgery in a small number of patients. 3, radiation therapy: radiation therapy can significantly act on fibroblasts to prevent the occurrence of fibrosis. 4. Surgical treatment: (1) Eyelid recession correction: This procedure can be considered for patients with normal thyroid function who are clinically stable and have eyelid recession, with the aim of correcting the appearance of the receding eyelid and avoiding serious complications caused by eyelid closure. (2) Oculomotor surgery: This procedure addresses ocular deviation and diplopia caused by extraocular muscle lesions. (3) Orbital decompression surgery: This procedure is mainly applied to patients with severe eye protrusion with serious complications and extraocular muscle hypertrophy compressing the optic nerve, with the aim of saving visual function and improving appearance. Clinically, patients with thyroid-related ophthalmopathy have complex and variable conditions, which require comprehensive consideration, individualized treatment and integrated therapy.