Thyroid-related ophthalmopathy is a common orbital disease that can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe depending on the severity of the disease, and as active or stable depending on the activity of the disease. The clinical manifestations of thyroid-related ophthalmopathy are also complex and varied. The most common clinical manifestations include ocular proptosis, extraocular myopathy (diplopia), and receding eyelids. Treatment options for thyroid-related ophthalmopathy vary by stage, severity, and presentation. Most thyroid-related ophthalmopathy is mild and generally does not require treatment. However, about 5% of patients will develop severe disease and require interventional treatment. Patients with stable thyroid-related ophthalmopathy are treated surgically depending on the clinical presentation. If severe ocular proptosis is present, orbital decompression surgery may be performed. If diplopia is present, strabismus correction surgery may be performed. If eyelid regression is present, surgery to lengthen the levator muscle may be performed. Active thyroid-related ophthalmopathy is a difficult area to treat. Since there is no way to completely block the inflammatory activity of thyroid-related ophthalmopathy, the current treatment is only to minimize the degree and shorten the course of inflammatory activity. For the active phase of thyroid-related ophthalmopathy, a common orbital disease, the main therapeutic measures include: glucocorticoids, orbital radiation therapy, immunosuppressive agents, growth hormone analogs, and immunoglobulins. Glucocorticoids are currently the only widely accepted drugs that can be administered orally, intravenously, or locally. Through extensive international validation, it is now clear that intravenous injection (high-dose methylprednisolone shock therapy) is the best way to administer the drug. In recent years, orbital radiation therapy has gradually been taken seriously by the medical community, and the therapeutic effect can be comparable to that of oral glucocorticoids. Moreover, high-dose methylprednisolone shock therapy combined with orbital radiation therapy provides significantly better disease control and can be the ultimate option for non-surgical treatment of thyroid-related eye disease. Immunosuppressants and immunoglobulins can be used as alternative treatment options to glucocorticoids and orbital radiation therapy with some efficacy. Growth hormone analogs for thyroid-related ophthalmopathy are not uniformly viewed internationally and are quite controversial. Therefore, as one of the most common orbital diseases, the treatment of thyroid-related ophthalmopathy is a complex process that requires the selection of the best treatment option according to each patient’s own clinical presentation.