The treatment of thyroid-related ophthalmopathy (TAO) is varied and should be individualized to suit the individual. For patients with mild ocular symptoms, local supportive treatment and observation and follow-up are indicated; patients with moderate to severe disease in the active phase can be treated with glucocorticoids. Patients with contraindications to hormone therapy can choose orbital radiation therapy; for those who are not sensitive to glucocorticoid therapy. For those patients who are not sensitive to glucocorticoid therapy, especially those with limited eye movement, hormone therapy combined with orbital radiation therapy can be used; orbital decompression surgery should be performed as early as possible in cases of rapid disease progression, malignant proptosis, exposure keratitis, compressive optic neuropathy, and other conditions that threaten visual function. TAO is a complex disease involving multiple disciplines, including ophthalmology, endocrinology, and immunology, and its treatment requires the cooperation of various physicians. The efficacy of traditional hormonal therapy and orbital radiation therapy has been proven. In recent years, some new treatments, such as growth inhibitor analogues, immunosuppressants, immunomodulators, and plasma replacement therapy, have also shown some effect, but their effectiveness needs further research to be clarified.