I. Limitations of traditional technology Before the advent of interventional disc therapy, open surgery was the only effective means of treating severe disc herniation, and interventional therapy introduced the concept of minimally invasive disc herniation treatment. The currently available interventional methods include collagenase lysis, percutaneous excision and suction, laser vaporization (PLDD), plasma pulpal nucleoplasty, ozone, and radiofrequency ablation. However, all the above methods are indirect decompression, only for some cases of inclusive protrusion, cannot completely remove the diseased nucleus pulposus, especially the tissue compressing the nerve, cannot repair the broken fiber ring, and the necrotic tissue needs to be absorbed by the body naturally, which is long, painful and has a high recurrence rate. The development of posterior discoscopy in the mid-1990s has advanced the concept of minimally invasive surgery, and the majority of orthopedic surgeons gradually realized that with the emergence of new technologies and materials, minimally invasive technology is the direction of development of surgery. However, the surgical approach and treatment process of posterior discoscopy (MED) are consistent with small incision open surgery, which involves opening the lamina, stripping the muscles and ligaments, disturbing the spinal canal, and pulling the nerves (to a lesser extent than open surgery); it is prone to intraoperative bleeding, interferes with the visual field and increases the risk; it cannot be applied to the treatment of extreme lateral herniation and discogenic pain; and the postoperative scar tissue is prone to cause spinal canal and nerve Adhesions. The emergence of “intervertebral foraminoscopy technology” has better overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned technologies and pushed the minimally invasive treatment of disc herniation to a whole new level, which is currently the most minimally invasive, safe and economical technology. It is the most minimally invasive, safe, and economical technology available. At the same time, this technology is still developing rapidly, and has been expanded to a large number of new fields such as artificial disc and artificial nucleus pulposus replacement, foraminoscopic fusion with percutaneous technique for internal fixation, minimally invasive treatment of spinal tuberculosis, and minimally invasive treatment of cervical foraminoscopy, etc. The clinical efficacy and academic value have attracted more and more orthopedic surgeons to focus on the expansion of this technology. II. Introduction of intervertebral foraminoscopy technology In 1998, Dr. Anthony Yeung (Chairman of American Minimally Invasive Science) pioneered the YESS technology; in 2002, Professor Hoogland (former Chairman of European Minimally Invasive Science) proposed the THESSYS technology based on the YESS technology, which made the intervertebral foraminoscopy technology mature. In cases of simple disc herniation and partial prolapse, the In-Out technique is used to enter the disc through the safety triangle, remove the diseased nucleus pulposus and then retreat outside the intervertebral foramen to remove the prolapsed fragments; in cases of central type herniation with compression of the spinal canal beyond the superior articular eminence line, a distal lateral horizontal approach is used to directly remove the herniated tissue. In cases of free type, ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, calcification, spinal canal stenosis, and neural foraminal stenosis, an intraforaminal approach is used to remove various diseased soft tissues and clean up the bone; spine surgeons are familiar with posterior surgery, so interlaminar approach can also be used in some cases, which is similar to MED, but with smaller openings and less interference with the spinal canal and nerves. Summary of the advantages of intervertebral foraminoscopy technology: 1, minimally invasive: through the lateral approach to reach the target area, avoiding the interference of traditional posterior surgery on the spinal canal and nerves, without biting off the vertebral plate, without destroying the paravertebral muscles and ligaments, with no effect on the stability of the spine. 2.Direct purpose: the surgical result is consistent with the gold standard of disc surgery – microscopic discectomy; 3.Wide indications: it can deal with almost all types of disc herniation, some spinal stenosis, foraminal stenosis, calcification and other bony lesions. The use of special radiofrequency electrodes under the scope, feasible fiber ring molding and annular nerve branch blocking, treatment of discogenic pain. 4.Low complications: small trauma, low chance of thrombosis and infection; no postoperative scarring at important posterior structures, causing adhesions of the spinal canal and nerves. 5, high safety: local anesthesia, intraoperative interaction with the patient, no injury to nerves and blood vessels; basically no bleeding, clear surgical field of vision, greatly reducing the risk of misuse; 6, fast recovery: the next day after surgery can be down to the ground, an average of 3-6 weeks to resume normal work and physical exercise. 7, high patient satisfaction: immediate pain relief, self-care of urine and stool, simple care, oral antibiotics can be taken, feasible outpatient surgery; skin incision is only 7mm, in line with the aesthetic point of view. 8.Wide range of extension; combined with percutaneous fixation technology, the fusion and fixation of spinal slippage and instability can be completed in a minimally invasive manner; this basic platform can be easily extended to cervical disc endoscopic surgery.