Temperature measured under the armpit is 36-37 degrees Celsius
Normal heart rate is 60-100 beats per minute
Blood pressure is normally no higher than 140/90mmHg and no lower than 90/60mmHg
Blood
Total blood volume: 65–90ml/kg,
Whole blood specific gravity: male 1.054–1.062 female 1.048–1.062
Plasma: 1.024–1.029
Osmotic (volume) pressure
Blood colloid osmotic pressure: 21±3mmHg (2.80±0.40kPa) Wei Lin, Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Qianfo Mountain Hospital
Blood crystal osmolality: 280–310mOsn/kg (280–310mmol/L)
Erythrocyte count: Male (4.0–5.5)×10^12/L (4.0–5.5×10^6/ul) Female (3.5–5.0)×10^12/L (3.5–5.5×10^6/ul)
Hemoglobin: Male 120–160g/L (12–16g/dl) Female 110–150g/L (11–15g/dl)
Erythrocyte pressure: male 0.4–0.5 (40–50vo%) female 0.37–0.48 (37–48vol%)
Average red blood cell diameter: 7.33±0.29um
Mean red blood cell hemoglobin (H): 29.36±3.43pg (29.36±3.43uug)
Mean red blood cell volume (V): 93.28±9.80fl (93.28±9.80um^3)
Erythrocyte flat cell hemoglobin concentration (HC): 0.31–0.35 (31–35%)
Reticulocyte count: 0.005–0.015 (0.5–1.5%)
Erythrocyte mean permeability fragility test:
Start of lysis in 0.44–0.47% (mean 0.45%) salt solution and total lysis in 0.31–0.34 (mean 0.32%) salt solution.
Leukocyte count: (4–10)×10^9/L (4000–10000/ul)
Leukocyte sorting count
Neutrophils: 0.5–0.7(50–70%)
Eosinophils: 0.005–0.03(0.5–3%)
Basophils: 0.00–0.0075(0–0.75%)
Lymphocytes: 0.2–0.4(20–40%)
Monocytes: 0.01–0.08(1–8%)
Eosinophil direct count: (0.05–0.30)×10^9/L(50–300/ul)
Platelet count: (100–300)×10^9/l(10–300,000/ul)
Bleeding time:(Duke method)1–3min(lvy method)0.5–6min
Clotting time: (capillary method) 3–7min (slide method) 2–8min
(Test tube method)4–12min
Prothrombin time: Prothrombin consumption time >20sec is normal consumption
Clot shrinkage time: 30–60min start to shrink, 18h after obvious shrinkage, 24h has been completely shrunk
Partial thromboplastin time: 35–45sec
Prothrombin time: 13–17sec
Recalcification time: 1.5–3min
Prothrombin generation test:
Normal value is within 4–6 min, matrix plasma clotting time is 9–11 sec. Patient specimen mixed with matrix plasma for the shortest time than normal value >5 sec indicates abnormal
Simple thrombin generation test: 10–15sec
Whole blood clot lysis test: normal individuals do not lyse within 24–48h
Euglobulin lysis time: normal >120min, suspicious 70–90min, positive <70min
Fibrinolytic enzyme activity:0–15%
Fibrinolytic zymogen:6.8–12.8U
Plasma fisetin paraclotting (3P) test:negative
Ethanol coagulation test: negative
Fibrin degradation products (FDP) quantitative determination
Latex agglutination method: 4.69±1.75mg/l (4.69±1.75ug/ml)
Simple method <1:8 titer
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Short tube method (Cuter method): Male 0–8mm/h Female 0–10mm/h
Long tube method (Wetergren method): Male 0–15mmh/h
Female 0–20mm/h
Tetrazolium blue (NBT) test: <10%
Blood chemistry
Whole blood
Glucose: 3.9–5.6 mmol/L (70–100 mg/dl)
Urea: 3.2–7.0mmol/L(19–42mg/dl)
Urea nitrogen:3.2–7.0mmol/L(9–20mg/dl)
Non-protein nitrogen:14.3–25.0mmol/L(20–35mg/dl)
Uric acid:119–238umol/L(2–4mg/dl)
Creatinine:88–177umol/L(1–2mg/dl)
Creatine:230–530umol/L(3–7mg/dl)
Pyruvate:45–140umol/L(0.4–1.23mg/dl)
Blood lipids
Total lipid:4.5–7.0g/L(450–700mg/dl)
Cholesterol esters:2.8–6.0mmol/L(110–230mg/dl)
Cholesteryl esters:0.70–0.75 of total cholesterol(70–75%)
Phospholipids:1.7–3.2mmol/L(130–250mg/dl)
Triglycerides:0.23–1.24mmol/L(20–110mg/dl)
Cardiac function tests
Blood volume per beat(SV) Male 95.53±5.6ml/time Female 76.99±4.1ml/time
Cardiac output(CO) Male 6.44±0.32L/min
Female 5.49±0.291/min
Cardiac index(CI) Male 4±0.5L/min/m^2
Female 3.7±0.5L/min/m^2
Ejection fraction (EF) 0.42–0.80 (42–80%)
Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) 4–8mmHg (0.533–1.07kPa)
Total pulmonary capillary resistance (PWP) 3.5–7.5mmHg(0.46–1.0kPa)
Total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR) 1300–1800 dyne.sec.cm^-5
Peripheral vascular resistance 800–1200dyne.sec.cm^-5
small pulmonary artery resistance 47–160dynexsec.cm^-5
Total pulmonary resistance 200–300dyne.sec.cm^-5
Work index per beat 45–75g/m^2/beat
Arm to tongue circulation time 9–16(mean 12)sec
Arm to lung circulation time 4–8sec
Pulmonary to lingual circulation time 4.5–10sec
Right atrial mean pressure 0–5mmHg (0–0.677kPa)
Right ventricular systolic pressure 15–30mmHg (2.0–4.0kPa)
Right ventricular diastolic pressure 0–5mmHg(0–0.677kPa)
Superior vena cava pressure 3–6mmHg(0.4–0.08kPa)
Central venous pressure 60–100mmH2O(0.588–0.981kPa)
Lung function measurement
Spirometry Male 2.31L×BSA, female 1.80×BSA (BSA is body surface area m^2)
Residual air volume Male 1.53L Female 1.02
Total lung volume male 5.02L female 3.46L
Residual air/total lung volume Male 0.307 (30.7%) Female 0.29 (29%)
Invalid cavity volume Male 0.128L Female 0.119L
Endocrine function measurement
Growth hormone (GH) blood concentration <3ug/L(<3ng/ml) in adults, 5ug/l(5ng/ml) in children
Thyrotropin (TSH) 1–3mu/L (1–3uU/ml)
Prolactin (PRL) 6.0–0.6ug/L in men (6.2–0.6ng/ml) 9.0–0.6ug/L in women (9.0–0.6ng/ml)
Physiological indicators of normal human
The founder of the doctrine of higher neural activity is:: Pavlov
Modern human brain weighs about 1/40 of body weight
The “center of life” is commonly referred to as: the extended brain
The pivotal site for the regulation of thyroid hormone secretion is the hypothalamus
Which of the following glands is responsible for the huge difference in height between Wu Song and Wu Da Lang: pituitary gland
The hormone secreted by the pituitary gland is: growth hormone
The main function of the brainstem is: breathing and heartbeat
How many chromosomes does a normal human body cell have: 46
Under normal conditions, the human heart beats about how many times in a minute: 70
The volume of blood in a normal person is about 1/14th of his or her volume
How much alcohol is in a normal person’s blood: 0.003%
The normal liver is as soft or hard as: lips and mouth
What is the total number of white blood cells in a normal adult: 4000-10000 per microliter
What is the total amount of blood equivalent to body weight in a normal adult: 7 – 8 %
The total amount of blood in a normal adult is approximately.
6 – 8%
Who has a slightly faster heart rate in a normal adult male and female: Female
How many physiological curves in the spine of a normal adult: 4
In general, who is more resistant to cold in males compared to females: males
In general, men have longer vocal cords than women: Longer
In general, at what period of time do babies get their milk teeth: 6-8 months
Approximately how many cells are in a normal adult: 180 billion
The cells that make up hair are: dead cells, meiosis is the process of division that produces what cells: germ cells
Why do you get a bun on your head after the same collision and not anywhere else: there is not enough fat in the head
How many bones are there in the adult body: 206
How large is the volume of the adult stomach: about 3000 ml
How many thousands of hairs are there in an adult: 100,000
How many adult permanent teeth are there: 32
Normal pulse pressure difference (difference between systolic and diastolic pressure) in adults is: 35 – 45
How many cubic meters of air does the adult nose process in a day: 14 cubic meters
The Baihui point is in: the middle of the top of the head
What we call “veins” are actually: veins
The classification of human blood as type A, B, O or AB is based on the fact that red blood cells have different
Antigens
How many days to replace red blood cells: 120 days
What is the blood type of the all-suitable recipient: AB
What do we call the birth of a girl in ancient times?
We often call overseas Koreans who live abroad and care about their country “Overseas Red Son”, the original meaning of “Red Son” is: a newly born baby
Who was the first scientist to advocate eugenics: Galton
In which country were condoms first introduced: Egypt
Do newborn babies move their fingers or shake their heads first: shaking their heads
A newborn baby cries with no tears because: It’s not crying, it’s breathing
How many new babies are born each day worldwide: 200,000
The following behavior should not be used to determine whether a baby is fed or not: The frequency of crying Crawling is very beneficial to children, and proper crawling training should begin when the child is
Start: 6 months The fastest growing system in children and adolescents is: the nervous system The normal pulse rate of a 10-year-old child is 80-90 beats per minute During the early years, the source of blood is mainly: the bone marrow blood stem cells divide
Why most Caucasian hair is blond: more titanium in the hair
Caucasians have blue eyes because the iris on the eyes contains: less melanin The great difference in skin color between races is caused by: melanin in the skin
How many hours of sleep should a high school student get: 8 hours
Of the following body parts, the earliest to age is: bones
The role of the thymus gland is to enhance the killing power of lymphocytes so that they can kill bacteria more effectively. The thymus gland is only present in which stage of life: infancy DD youth
The alveolar wall is made up of: a layer of epithelial cells
How many olfactory receptors are in our nose: 5 million The clothes we wear wipe off thousands of epidermal cells every day.
How many days do people put on a new layer of epidermis: 27 days
As people age, their sense of smell gradually: diminishes
Some people sometimes get seasick in cars and boats because of the stimulation of the body’s balance receptors, which are located in: the ears
When you chew a cookie, who hears the sound louder: you or the next person: me
The blood pressure measured when the ventricles contract is: High pressure Can the human ear hear a zero-decibel sound: Yes
The maximum noise a person can tolerate is: 120 decibels
How many Hz can the human ear hear: 20-20,000 Hz
The range of hearing in the human ear is: 20Hz-20,000Hz
What is the highest value of the frequency range of sound waves that the human ear can generally hear: 20,000 Hz
The human brain takes 3 years to mature
Human saliva is: weakly acidic
Which part of the digestive tract does the food you eat stay in the longest: the colon
Human bile is: yellow in color
In which part of the brain does logical thinking take place: left brain
Where does the saltiness in a person’s tears come from: the blood
How does the sense of smell diminish with age throughout a person’s life: diminished
Which part of the human tongue is most sensitive to sweetness: the tip of the tongue
The reason people sweat when they exercise is to: keep their body temperature normal
When a person breathes, the lungs are: passively expanding and contracting
How deep does a person dive to get deep-sea drunk: 30 meters
People have 42 facial expression muscles, how many muscles are activated first when we smile: 4
How many pairs of ribs are there in the human body: 12
What is the joint with the greatest range of motion in the human body: the shoulder joint
When does the first human heartbeat begin: from the third week of embryonic development
The body’s sweat glands are most distributed on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
Where in the body is the skin most sensitive to external stimuli: the tips of the fingers
The longest organ in the human digestive tract is: the small intestine
What is the longest organ in the human body: the small intestine
What is the largest endocrine gland in the body? The thyroid gland
What percent of a person’s body weight is usually muscle tissue: 1/2
The hardest substance in the human body is: tooth enamel
The body’s organ that breaks down and metabolizes alcohol is: the liver
The organ that detoxifies the body is the liver
What is the largest detoxification organ in the human body: the liver
What is the thickest blood vessel in the body: the aorta
What is the organ of the body that is most tolerant of hypoxia: the brain
What is the largest cell in the human body: the egg cell
What is the smallest organ in the body: the parathyroid gland
What is the largest muscle in the body: gluteus maximus
What is the smallest muscle in the body: Stapedius muscle
The largest digestive gland in the human body is: the liver
There are five organs and five internal organs in the human body, which of the following is the group of the five internal organs: bile, small intestine, stomach, large intestine, bladder
The first organ to age in the human body is the thymus gland
How many muscles in the human body: more than 600
How long is the human small intestine: 5 – 7 meters
How many types of blood vessels are there in the human body: 3
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there in the human body: 12
How many bones in the human body: 206
The human body consists of three types of muscles, gastrointestinal motility, respiration, circulation and other activities rely on: smooth muscle The main component of stomach acid in the human body is: hydrochloric acid
Which element is lacking in the human body that causes goiter: Iodine
What is the most important organ in the human body: liver
The organ with the highest percentage of water in the body is: the eye
The human body can conduct electricity because it contains: water
The human body has a safe voltage of: 36V How many pairs of sex chromosomes are there in the human body: 1 pair
The development of the human body begins with a cell, this cell is: fertilized egg
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What is the largest lymphatic organ in the human body: the spleen
The longest nerve in the human body is: the sciatic nerve
The total amount of fluid in the body is called body fluid, accounting for about 60% of the total body weight: 60%
The human body DNA with or without genetic information: with
What the human body cannot produce: Vitamins
How much water loss in the human body can be life-threatening: 20%
The upper opening of the stomach in the human body is called: cardia
The total length of the blood vessels in the human body is: 96,000 km
How many bones are present at birth: 250
When a person is dreaming, the eyeballs: turn
How many muscles move in the face when a person smiles: 2
Why do people like sweetness at birth: Amniotic fluid is sweet
Which part of the human tongue is most sensitive to sweetness: the tip of the tongue
Humans breathe mainly by inhaling air ( ) gas: oxygen people inhale 21% of the air oxygen, while the exhaled gas is reduced to: 16% oxygen
What time of day is the highest human stature: morning
People’s fingernails grow faster during the day or at night: night
One third of a person’s life is spent sleeping, and it turns out that from the sleeping position, you can deduce the personality of the person.
Look at the large type of sleeping posture of people, what is the character: unrestrained type
People often shiver in the cold in winter because shivering can: generate heat
How many sweat glands are there on the human foot: 250,000
Humans have about 80,000 genes, and each of us has 50.1 percent different genes: What is the purpose of human fingerprints?
A person has two lungs, which one is larger: the right one
What is the size of a person’s heart about the same size as their fist?
What type of cell in a person cannot be regenerated after it dies and is shed: brain cells
How many baby teeth does a person have in his or her lifetime: 20
The genetic difference between humans and chimpanzees is: 1 percent
The human body temperature is usually maintained at: 37 degrees Celsius
The human brain is responsible for regulating posture and body balance: cerebellum
Human hair grows from: root to top
The largest lymphatic organ in the human body is the spleen
The human respiratory system is composed of: the airways and lungs
Do adults have more red blood cells or do newborns have more red blood cells: Newborns
What type of cell does RBC stand for: Red blood cell
What percent of the body is blood: 7-8%
Which is the common passage between the respiratory and digestive tracts: pharynx
Which organ makes blood: red bone marrow
Red blood cells are made from what raw materials, such as iron and protein, by the blood-forming organs: iron and protein
What is the longest-lived cell: nerve cell
The only pair of joints in the connection of the skull refers to: the temporomandibular joint
Of all the joints in the body, the most flexible and mobile is the shoulder joint
What is the most acidic fluid in the body: gastric juice
In the human body, which of the following blood vessels has dark red blood flowing through it: pulmonary artery
Do apes and humans have the same blood type: the same
Which of the following animals has genes most similar to those of humans: Pig
The following organ is capable of producing blood: red bone marrow
The distribution of the following human species is due purely to population migration: Black American
In which part of the body is sputum produced: trachea and bronchi
Bile is secreted by which organ: the liver
Hiccups are caused by a spasm in which organ of the body: the septum
What part of the body alerts you to thirst: the throat
What is insulin: a protein
What is the structure of a DNA molecule: double helix structure
Which vitamin promotes the absorption of calcium: vitamin B2
What is the main mineral that makes up your teeth and bones: Calcium
What kind of tooth is a large tooth: a large molar
Muscles themselves can only perform: Contraction
When a muscle contracts, what happens to the muscle: it gets shorter
The name “biceps” is based on the fact that it has two starting points
What is the most versatile organ: the liver
What is the largest area of the organ: Skin
What is the shape of the eye: a round sphere
What is the function of the eyelashes: to stop dust from entering the eye
Is the eye afraid of cold: Not afraid of bright light What happens to the pupil: It gets smaller
Which side of the heart do most people have: left
How do the vocal cords produce sound waves: vibration
Which of the five organs does the liver belong to: wood
Which finger has the fastest growing nail: the middle finger
Nails keep growing because the hard keratin, a component of nails, evolves from epidermal cells
A cough emits gas at a rate that is several times the speed of a light train: 2
The female sex chromosome is expressed as: XX If all the chromosomes in the human body were joined at the beginning and end, their length would be equal to how many times the round trip distance from the earth to the sun: more than 600 times
How long is the growth cycle of the eyebrows: two months
The purpose of the appendix is: useless
What is the spatial structure of the recognized genetic material DNA: Double helix structure DNA’s Chinese name is: Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA material is mainly found in: chromosomes
The image of an object is refracted by the lens of the eye and forms a () image on the retina: upside down, right and left opposite
One does not laugh when one is tickled because: the mind prepares the sound level differently from person to person because of what is determined by the vocal cords: length
If you don’t remove ear wax for a long time, then the ear wax will be like a pill in your ear and you won’t be able to hear the sound.
Bone age is used to measure: the development of the child
The “Baihui point” is in: the middle of the top of the head
Why does hair turn gray: decrease in melanin
Of the five tastes of “sour, sweet, salty, bitter and spicy”, what is the most sensitive to the root of the tongue: bitterness
The basis for classifying human blood as type A, B, O or AB is that red blood cells have different antigens
The 3 billion pairs of nucleic acid molecules that make up the genes of human cells have several different types of bases: 4
Both chloasma and freckles are most commonly seen in: women
A child with an IQ of 100 indicates that he is of average intelligence compared to his peers.
How many tons of blood is pumped by a healthy heart each day: 6-8 tons
The texture of the front of the toes: can be used to identify individuals
How many days can someone live without eating anything but water: 75 days
When a blood vessel ruptures, what substance in the blood clots and blocks the ruptured part to stop the bleeding: platelets
How long is the growth cycle of eyebrows: 2 months
What testosterone inhibits growth of: hair
Which gland causes the dramatic difference in height between Wusong and Wudalang: pituitary gland
The most important indicator of bone development is: number of teeth