Pleural effusions are classified into three categories: leakage, exudate and malignant pleural effusions according to their causes and characteristics of the nature of the effusion. Leaky fluid is mostly caused by systemic diseases, such as congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, liver disease, and hypoproteinemia. Exudative pleural effusion is an inflammatory exudate of the pleura, which is divided into infectious and non-infectious according to the cause of occurrence. The former is caused by the infection of bacteria, viruses and fungi that spread to the pleural cavity, resulting in inflammatory exudation of the pleura, with tuberculous pleurisy and purulent pleurisy being the most common. Non-infectious exudative pleuritis is often a reactive inflammatory exudate secondary to pulmonary embolism, pancreatitis, connective tissue disease, drug reactions, etc. The vast majority of malignant pleural effusions are caused by intra- or extra-pulmonary malignancies metastasizing to the pleura, and a small proportion is caused by primary pleural mesothelioma. Pleural effusion is often encountered in daily life. When one feels discomfort such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, chest pain, dyspnea, weakness, fever, weight loss, etc., the presence of pleural effusion is often found when one goes to the hospital to take a film. When a pleural effusion is found, it is very important to first clarify what causes it, and then to select the right, timely, effective and minimally invasive treatment. We have accumulated rich experience in the diagnosis and treatment of pleural effusion, and can identify the cause as early as possible and provide minimally invasive treatment with reliable results, and have overcome the clinical medical problem of malignant pleural effusion which is very easy to recur and not easy to control, and have achieved very satisfactory results. thick (about 1.5mm) tube left in the chest cavity, painless, convenient, does not affect the life of living, at any time can be pumped, until the water will be pumped, and the water sent to the laboratory, as early as possible to clarify the pathogen, according to the results of the right medicine. 2.For chest water of unknown cause, thoracoscopic surgery is adopted, and only two “keyhole” size incisions are needed on the chest wall to remove the chest water at one time and send the lesion to laboratory, so that the cause can be clarified soon. 3.For the medical problem of cancerous pleural fluid caused by tumor, there is no need to be afraid, we still have a wonderful killer app. If you want to be free and simple, you can use the first method mentioned above, after the water is pumped, you can inject medicine into the chest cavity through the pipe to kill a batch of tumor cells directly and close the living space of tumor cells, so that the water will disappear; if you want to control it completely until it does not recur, we can use the second method, which only requires two “keyholes” to inject high temperature chemotherapy into the chest cavity. If you want to control completely until no recurrence, we will use the second method, which is to instill high temperature chemotherapy drug into the chest cavity through two “keyholes”, and the tumor cells can only be completely killed in the heat therapy, and the pleural fluid will disappear.