Pulmonary isolation is a rare congenital developmental anomaly. In essence, it is a pulmonary cysticercosis with an abnormal arterial blood supply. It is more common in adolescents, more common in males than females, and more common on the left side than on the right. The anomalous artery may be from the thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, and most enter the isolated lung via the inferior pulmonary ligament, often in 1 branch. The lungs in pulmonary isolation are undeveloped bronchopulmonary tissue with no lung function, isolated from normal lung tissue in adjacent lobes, most often in the posterior basal segment of the lower lobes. If the isolated lung is within the lung lobe and is encompassed by the same dirty pleura, it is called intralobar pulmonary segregation, in which the cystic lumen is partly in communication with the normal bronchus and partly out of communication, and the blood flows back into the inferior pulmonary vein; if the isolated lung is outside the lung lobe and is not encompassed by the same dirty pleura, it is called extralobar pulmonary segregation, in which the cystic lumen is out of communication with the normal bronchus, and the blood flows back into the hemizygous, chizygous, or inferior vena cava. veins. Extralobar and intralobar forms of pulmonary isolation that are not connected to normal bronchioles are usually asymptomatic and are most often detected on routine x-rays. Intralobar pulmonary segregation with normal bronchial communication often presents with recurrent symptoms of lung infection, such as fever, cough, chest pain, coughing up of purulent sputum or even coughing up of purulent sputum. In the diagnosis of pulmonary isolation, ultrasound should be the first choice in combination with clinical manifestations and chest X-ray characteristics, and then chest CT, chest MRI or angiography should be used according to the situation. Extralobar pulmonary segregation can be treated with lobectomy, and intralobar pulmonary segregation can be treated with lobectomy, both of which can be accomplished by thoracoscopic surgery or open thoracic surgery.