When it comes to “kidney injury” and “dialysis”, most people tend to equate them with the dreaded word “uremia” and feel very nervous and afraid. In fact, kidney injury is divided into acute and chronic, the need for long-term dialysis “uremia” only refers to the late stage of chronic kidney injury, while part of the acute kidney injury as long as the early diagnosis and timely treatment, kidney function can be basically restored to normal. It can be seen that early diagnosis is the key, and the premise of early diagnosis is to seek medical advice as soon as possible, so it is necessary to let everyone understand the knowledge of acute kidney injury, so as to be alert to its occurrence. Acute kidney injury” is generally recognized internationally as a sudden decline in kidney function (within 48 hours), as evidenced by an absolute increase in blood creatinine of more than 3mg/dl (264umol/L), or an increase in blood creatinine of more than 50% from the basal value, or oliguria. The sudden occurrence of kidney function problems will lead to urination disorders and inability to excrete the accumulated waste products in the body, resulting in a series of varied symptoms, generally manifested as a sudden decrease in urine output, edema, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmia, breathing difficulties, etc. Why does “acute kidney injury” occur? From a professional point of view, the causes can be divided into three categories: pre-renal, renal and post-renal. In layman’s terms, the pre-renal cause is a significant decrease in blood flow to the kidneys, such as dehydration due to severe diarrhea and vomiting, or hemorrhagic shock due to trauma. Relatively lower blood pressure and insufficient blood supply to the kidneys prevent the kidneys from forming enough urine to excrete waste, leading to the accumulation of toxins in the body. There are more nephrogenic causes, such as glomerular disease, acute tubulointerstitial injury, and persistent non-resolution of pre- or post-renal etiologies. Nephrotoxic drugs are a common contributor to acute tubulointerstitial injury. Postnephrogenic causes refer to obstruction of the urinary tract preventing urine drainage and commonly include stones, prostatic hypertrophy in men, and pelvic masses in women.