The presence of some specific factors can increase the probability of acute kidney injury, called risk factors for acute kidney injury. When patients have the following conditions, special attention should be paid to the protection of renal function to avoid acute kidney injury: 1, a large amount of blood loss due to various reasons (such as trauma, blood loss during surgery, etc.), a variety of causes and ways of fluid loss (such as vomiting, diarrhea caused by gastrointestinal water loss, polyuric nephrogenic water loss, skin water loss, etc.), can cause insufficient blood volume, when the blood flow to the kidneys is reduced, resulting in renal ischemia. It is easy to induce acute kidney injury. 2, after receiving cardiothoracic surgery or other major surgical procedures. 3.Cardiogenic shock, cardiac insufficiency, low blood pressure and other cardiovascular diseases. 4.Severe infection and sepsis. 5.Serious trauma, such as burns, crush injuries, serious fractures, etc. 6, gestational hypertensive syndrome, eclampsia and other serious obstetric complications. In addition, drugs are also the most common risk factors around us that cause acute kidney injury. The most common types of drugs that cause kidney injury include: 1, antibiotics: aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin, amikacin, etimesine, isopamicin sulfate, etc.) and vancomycin, cephalosporin antibiotics can also induce acute kidney injury. 2, diuretics. 3, iodine-containing contrast agents used in imaging. 4.Anesthetics for surgery. 5.Chinese medicine: Mucuna pruriens, Houkou, Fangji, Cangzhi, Zhu Sha, etc. 6.Malignant tumor chemotherapy drugs. 7.Antipyretic and analgesic drugs. The above drugs are particularly dangerous to be applied in patients with dehydration, diabetes, cirrhosis, or in patients with chronic kidney disease base, or in the elderly or young children, and may easily induce acute kidney injury.