What kind of tumor is it?
Hodgkin’s lymphoma, also known as Hodgkin’s disease, is a malignant tumor (cancer) that originates in the lymphatic system. It manifests as an uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal Reed-Sternberg cells in lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen, etc.) and non-lymphoid organs, resulting in enlargement of lymph nodes, destruction of organ structures, and leading to compression and obstruction of adjacent organs, with systemic symptoms.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a curable malignant tumor.
1. painless superficial lymph node enlargement, most commonly in the neck, which may be accompanied by painful swelling after drinking alcohol, etc.
2, symptoms caused by swollen lymph nodes compressing and obstructing adjacent organs, such as dyspnea, chest pain, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, etc.
3. systemic symptoms, manifested as fever, night sweats, wasting, itchy skin, etc.
4.Organ metastasis, metastasis to bones, lungs, liver, bone marrow, causing corresponding symptoms, etc.
What tests are required?
Related tests recommended for Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Medical history and physical examination
Presence of systemic symptoms, physical examination of lymph node area
Imaging examination
Chest X-ray
Cervicothoracic, abdominopelvic CT or whole body PET-CT
Hematological examination
Blood count
Blood sedimentation
β2 microglobulin
Biochemistry routine
Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
Other tests
Depends on the situation
How is this disease diagnosed?
Hodgkin’s lymphoma relies primarily on excisional biopsies of the entire superficial lymph nodes, with characteristic R-S cells seen pathologically.
What stage of the disease does it belong to?
Ann Arbor staging system for Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Stage I
Involvement of a single lymph node region or a single extra-nodal organ
Stage II
Regional involvement of ≥ 2 lymph nodes on the same side of the diaphragm or limited involvement of a single extra-nodal organ and a single lymph node region
Stage III
Regional involvement of lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm
Stage IV
diffuse or disseminated involvement of ≥1 extra-nodal organ with or without lymph node involvement
Stage I and II are early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma, while stages III and IV are advanced Hodgkin lymphoma.
International prognostic index of Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Hemoglobin < 105 g/L
Age ≥45 years
Male
Lymphocytes < 600/mm3 or < 8% in leukocytes
Plasma albumin < 40 g/L
Leukocytes ≥ 15,000/mm3
Stage IV
The more of the above factors a patient has, the worse the outcome of the disease.
How is it treated?
Treatment of Hodgkin’s lymphoma depends on the type of pathology, stage of disease, prognostic factors, and health status.
How effective is the treatment?
The cure rate for early-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma is over 90%; for advanced Hodgkin’s lymphoma, the cure rate is 60% to 85%.
What are the side effects of treatment?
Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a curable tumor. Long-term complications after radiation and chemotherapy are more common than other tumors, mainly secondary tumors, reproductive function, endocrine function, cardiac insufficiency, and pulmonary fibrosis. Acute complications are mainly myelosuppression, which often occurs within a week of chemotherapy, and its recovery takes some time. During this period, patients usually need to receive adequate supportive treatment, such as the use of laminar bed isolation, leukocyte-raising therapy, antibiotic therapy and blood transfusion.
What is the regular follow-up after treatment?
After treatment, patients must return to the hospital for regular follow-up examinations to see if the tumor has returned and to inform the attending physician of any symptoms that occurred during the follow-up period.