Urine protein measurement is the most convenient and reliable means of kidney disease screening, with the advantages of low cost, non-invasive and painless for patients, and convenience. However, unfortunately, due to the low awareness of kidney disease among the public, this opportunity is often missed, leading to the development of kidney disease to a very serious degree before coming to the clinic, which greatly affects the prognosis of the disease. In a survey in Shanxi Province, it was found that the incidence of abnormal urine tests in the general population was as high as 10%, and although these people do not necessarily develop clinical kidney disease, it fully illustrates the seriousness of kidney disease prevention and treatment and the need for early screening. In particular, patients who already have underlying diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and autoimmune diseases should pay attention to kidney changes at all times for early detection and early treatment. In addition, proteinuria of different degrees and nature is also an effective way to provide diagnostic clues of the primary disease, such as according to the amount of proteinuria, those with hypertensive kidney damage and those due to renal tubular disease tend to have small to moderate amounts of proteinuria and rarely have proteinuria at the level of nephropathy. Large amounts of proteinuria, except for overflow proteinuria due to systemic disease, often suggest glomerular disease. Autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus, if proteinuria is present, is highly suggestive of systemic lupus erythematosus. In diabetic nephropathy, if there is a large amount of proteinuria that is not consistent with the course of diabetes, high attention needs to be paid to the presence of primary glomerular disease complicated by diabetes, and a renal biopsy is necessary at this time. In terms of prognosis, for example, in cases of occult nephritis, the prognosis is often low if there is simple hematuria, and sometimes only regular review is required. However, if small to moderate amount of proteinuria is present, it must be noticed. If the proteinuria is still above 1g after treatment with Chinese medicine and western medicine such as ACEI and ARB, it is better to clarify the pathological type through kidney biopsy in order to develop a suitable treatment plan. In addition, the detection of proteinuria components is also of great value. The combination of urinary routine, 24-hour urine protein and urine protein electrophoresis can often provide more diagnostic clues and ultimately lead to greater benefits for the patient.