Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Foreign data show that the incidence of renal failure due to diabetic nephropathy is 17 times higher than that of non-diabetic patients, and the incidence of diabetic nephropathy in China is 33.6%, and diabetic nephropathy is one of the main causes of death in diabetic patients. The most basic functional structure of the kidney is the kidney unit, and each person has a total of about 1 million kidney units. The renal unit is composed of the glomerular capsule, glomeruli and tubules, with the thylakoid region between the glomeruli. The most important pathological changes in diabetic nephropathy are glomerulosclerosis, vitreous changes of the small renal arteries, thickening of the basement membrane, and expansion of the interglomerular thylakoid zone. Clinically, diabetic nephropathy is often divided into 5 stages from mild to severe: the first stage is mainly compensatory renal hyperfunction, the kidneys do not have obvious pathological changes, some patients have increased the volume of the kidneys, the second stage of the kidneys have histological changes, but at this time the relevant laboratory tests are negative, that is, there is no problem, the patient does not feel anything, only a few patients sometimes high blood pressure, from the third stage From the third stage, the patient has clinical abnormalities, such as the appearance of urine protein, blood pressure also began to increase, the key laboratory results at this stage is that the urinary micro-clear protein secretion rate has been higher than 20 micrograms per minute (μg/min), the clinical usually call this stage of nephropathy early nephropathy. Early stage nephropathy is the last chance for diabetic nephropathy to be completely cured, and further forward, diabetic nephropathy will not be completely cured. If the urine microclear protein secretion rate exceeds 200 micrograms/minute, the condition enters the fourth stage, which is also called clinical nephropathy, and its main feature is the appearance of large amounts of protein in the urine and persistent increase in blood pressure; at the fifth stage, diabetic nephropathy has entered the advanced stage, which we often call end-stage nephropathy, at which the patient’s waste products in the blood, such as creatinine and urea nitrogen, also begin to rise due to renal insufficiency, in which the blood An elevated creatinine level of more than 2.0 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) is a diagnostic indicator of end-stage renal disease, and patients with end-stage renal disease are often accompanied by significant hypertension and swelling. According to the level of blood creatinine, we divide the end-stage nephropathy into 3 stages, blood creatinine above 2.0 mg/dL is called renal insufficiency, blood creatinine above 5.0 mg/dL is called renal failure, and if blood creatinine exceeds 8.0 mg/dL, we say the patient has developed uremia. Diabetic nephropathy is a gradual process, once the clinical manifestations are clear, diabetic nephropathy is difficult to cure, so the first treatment measures for diabetic nephropathy is to control diabetes and avoid the occurrence of nephropathy. 1993, the United States and Canada scholars jointly published their research results called the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), the trial In 1998, British scholars published their study called the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), which lasted 20 years and focused on patients with type 2 diabetes. In these two significant studies, they found that in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients, control of blood glucose levels had a significant impact on the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy and diabetic fundopathy, and that good glycemic control could reduce the incidence of type 1 diabetic nephropathy by half and the incidence of type 2 diabetic nephropathy by 1/3. The second measure is to control the patient’s blood pressure, high blood pressure is a very important factor to aggravate diabetic nephropathy, so patients should eat a light diet, eat less salt, and those who have high blood pressure should not hesitate to adhere to the use of antihypertensive drugs to maintain blood pressure at a normal level. There are not many means of etiologic treatment for intermediate and advanced diabetic nephropathy, and the main purpose is to prevent further development of diabetic nephropathy and avoid the occurrence of renal insufficiency and uremia, not to make it reverse. First of all, patients should appropriately limit protein intake. Patients with diabetic nephropathy lose a lot of protein from urine every day, so they must be supplemented with appropriate amount of protein, especially high-quality animal protein. However, in the late stage of diabetic nephropathy, the intake of large amount of protein will increase the metabolites of protein in blood, such as creatinine and urea nitrogen, which will bring harm to patients, so patients with advanced nephropathy must appropriately limit the intake of protein, especially the intake of lower quality vegetable protein; the second article is to avoid urinary tract infection, recurrent urinary tract infection may accelerate the progress of diabetic nephropathy. The third one is Chinese medicine treatment, Chinese medicine has rich experience in treating kidney disease, which can be applied and treated according to the person, and has greater significance to diabetic nephropathy. The last one is when the kidney disease has developed to the stage of uremia, in addition to the above, it is also necessary to discharge the waste in the blood through peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis, and if conditions allow, kidney transplantation is the only way to restore the kidney function of the patient.