Ophthalmic examination of patients with traumatic eye injury includes visual acuity, intraocular pressure, optometry (mainly to determine the best corrected visual acuity) and a comprehensive examination of the ocular structures, including the fundus optic disc. Because of the need to repeatedly observe pupil size and response to light, especially after heavy closed cranial trauma, there is a risk of brain herniation resulting in dilated pupils on the affected side, so post-injury examination of the eye does not advocate drug dilatation to avoid delaying the condition by affecting the observation of the pupil. If traumatic optic neuropathy is suspected or diagnosed, further visual field and visual evoked potential (VEP) examinations should be performed to determine the extent of optic nerve injury and to speculate on the prognosis. In unconscious or uncooperative patients such as children, VEP helps to objectively evaluate the function of the optic nerve. When the injured eye may be blind and visual acuity and visual field cannot be recorded, VEP is the only reliable test to evaluate visual function. Patients who lose vision immediately after trauma usually have VEP abnormalities early on, followed by extinction of the VEP waveform, indicating that the patient has very little hope of recovering vision.