High-flow oxygenation is a method of oxygen therapy under atmospheric pressure by wearing special oxygen inhalation tools to ensure oxygen flow >4/min or oxygen concentration of inhaled gas >40%. The indications for high-flow oxygenation are mainly type I respiratory failure, and various diseases leading to respiratory failure can be treated with high-flow oxygenation according to the situation. The recent emergence of high-flow oxygen therapy via the nose can be used for type II respiratory failure under the condition of adjusting the appropriate concentration of inhaled oxygen. High-flow oxygenation can be used in patients with predominantly hypoxemic respiratory failure, such as severe pulmonary infections, some non-infectious lesions in the lungs, such as primary and secondary diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary edema, and severe silicosis and pneumoconiosis. In addition, some diseases in which the central nervous system is suppressed, including cranial trauma, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, and intracranial infection, are also indications for high-flow oxygenation. High-flow oxygen can also be used in emergency situations, such as acute poisoning by harmful gases such as carbon monoxide poisoning, or in cases of intrauterine distress in older pregnant women. Untreated pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema, active internal bleeding of pulmonary blister, hemorrhagic disease, tuberculous cavity formation hemoptysis, which are contraindications for hyperbaric oxygen chamber, can also choose high flow oxygenation.