(Disclaimer: This article is for scientific purposes only. To protect the patient’s privacy, the relevant information in the following content has been processed) Abstract: The patient was admitted to our hospital for further treatment due to recurrent coughing and wheezing for more than 20 years, which had been aggravated for 4 days. Combining the patient’s symptoms with the results of chest CT and a full set of pulmonary function tests, he was admitted to the hospital with acute respiratory failure. After hospitalization, the patient was treated with oxygen, anti-inflammatory, cough and phlegm therapy, and recovered well, with reduced cough and wheezing, and his condition was found to be stable without any significant exacerbation after review. [Basic information] Male, 82 years old [Disease type] Acute respiratory failure [Hospital visit] The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University [Date of visit] December 2019 [Treatment plan] Physical therapy (oxygen via nasal catheter) + intravenous injection (azithromycin injection) + nebulized inhalation (terbutaline sulfate solution for nebulized inhalation, tiotropium bromide powder inhalation) + oral medication (Ambroxol hydrochloride tablet, (Azithromycin tablets) 【Treatment cycle】 hospitalization for 20 days, regular review 【Treatment effect】stabilization of the condition, cough, wheezing and other symptoms to reduce I. Initial consultation The patient is a male, 82 years old, who said that he has been coughing and coughing up sputum repeatedly for more than 20 years and was diagnosed with chronic bronchitis in the local health office. In the past six months, he had frequent episodes of these symptoms, and his activity tolerance had decreased. Four days before the consultation, the symptoms worsened significantly, and the cough was heavier at night, coughing up more white mucous sputum, accompanied by fatigue, poor appetite, but there was no fever, chest pain, hemoptysis and other symptoms, in order to seek further treatment to our hospital. My examination of the patient showed no obvious abnormalities, but a chest CT revealed restrictive emphysema. A complete set of pulmonary function tests was performed, and the results of the ventilation function showed extremely severe obstructive ventilation dysfunction with a severe decrease in the percentage of maximum ventilation. The combination of the above examinations confirmed the diagnosis of acute respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbation, and the patient was admitted to the hospital with acute respiratory failure. II. Treatment After determining the patient’s condition, I told the patient that oxygen, anti-inflammatory, cough and sputum treatment was needed to help treat acute respiratory failure. After obtaining the patient’s consent, I gave the patient high-flow humidified oxygen therapy via nasal catheter, and at the same time injected azithromycin injection intravenously for anti-inflammatory treatment, and gave the patient terbutaline sulfate nebulized inhalation solution to relieve cough symptoms, and gave aminobromine hydrochloride tablets to dilute sputum and promote sputum discharge. After 20 days of the above treatment, the patient’s condition improved significantly, and he was discharged from the hospital with the inhalation drug tiotropium bromide powder inhaler and azithromycin tablets, and was instructed to have a regular review once every 6 months. Third, the effect of treatment before hospitalization, the patient itself exists in cough, cough sputum, wheezing and other symptoms of aggravation, after oxygen, anti-inflammatory, cough and phlegm treatment, the patient’s symptoms significantly reduced, the disappearance of cough at night, cough, cough sputum during the day, as well as after the activities of wheezing symptoms significantly reduced, the patient’s self-consciousness, the whole body energy has been restored, the appetite is better than before, the lung ventilation function test, the results are normal, and the patient was discharged from the hospital for convalescence. He was discharged from the hospital. After that, the patient returned to the hospital every 6 months for review, and if there were any uncomfortable symptoms, he should consult a doctor in time. I am very happy that the patient was discharged from the hospital after treatment, in order to improve the patient’s quality of life during the recuperation treatment at home, to avoid re-exacerbation of the condition, the need to pay attention to the following matters: 1, due to the acute respiratory failure of the patient this time is due to lung disease, the patient should do a good job of protecting the lungs after discharge from the hospital, because of its past history of smoking, so we recommend that the patient quit smoking, so as to avoid irritation of the lungs and throat, aggravating coughing, coughing and sputum, so that the patient will not have to smoke. 2, patients need to pay attention to the diet after discharge from the hospital, choose vitamin-rich fruits and vegetables, avoid spicy and stimulating food or alcohol; 3, patients also need to pay attention to regular work and rest, strengthen the nutrition, appropriate exercise, help to improve the patient’s body resistance, reduce the incidence of acute respiratory failure. V. Personal perception Acute respiratory failure may be caused by a variety of diseases, commonly caused by lung disease, such as the patient in this case, that is, because of the emergence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbation of acute respiratory failure. However, regardless of the type of disease, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible to prevent severe hypoxia, which can cause irreversible damage to the body. In this case, the patient was not in critical condition because of timely medical treatment, and recovered well after treatment, which significantly reduced the symptoms and improved the patient’s quality of life.