(Disclaimer: This article is only for popularization purposes, in order to protect the patient’s privacy, the relevant information in the following content has been processed) Abstract: 66 years old Ma grandfather recently more than 10 days at home from time to time appeared cough, white sputum, with the activities of the symptoms of wheezing, and symptoms gradually aggravated, respiratory distress, in order to further diagnosis and treatment, to the hospital for medical treatment. The patient was admitted to our hospital for further diagnosis and treatment. Through physical examination of the patient, as well as the combination of his chest CT examination and clinical manifestations, he was diagnosed with acute respiratory failure and was admitted to the hospital. After the patient’s consent, he was treated with oxygen, anti-infection, cough and sputum, and was discharged 10 days later. [Basic information] Male, 66 years old [Disease type] Acute respiratory failure [Hospital visit] The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University [Date of visit] June 2019 [Treatment plan] Physical therapy (oxygen via nasal cannula) + intravenous (ceftriaxone sodium for injection, hydrocortisone sodium succinate for injection) + nebulized inhalation (salbutamol sulphate inhalation aerosol) + oral medication (aminobromozoic hydrochloride tablet Treatment cycle] 2 weeks hospitalization, 10 days later review [treatment effect] the condition is cured, cough, white sputum with activity suffocation wheezing symptoms disappeared a. Initial interview 66-year-old Ma, eight years ago due to the left lung occupancy of general anesthesia for the left upper lobectomy, mediastinal lymph node dissection, postoperative pathology showed that the left lung squamous cell carcinoma. After the surgery, he underwent chemotherapy (details unknown) for 4 cycles without obvious adverse reactions. Recently, for more than 10 days at home, cough and white sputum appeared from time to time, accompanied by the symptom of wheezing and wheezing, and the effect of oral amoxicillin capsule (dosage unknown) at home was unsatisfactory. The symptoms gradually aggravated, and dyspnea appeared, for further diagnosis and treatment, he came to our hospital. On examination, the respiratory sounds of both lungs were coarse, the respiratory sounds of the left lung were low with wet rales, and no dry or wet rales were detected in the right lung. Chest CT examination revealed left pneumonitis, emphysema, multiple pulmonary alveoli bilaterally, multiple bronchiectasis in the left lung, and a small amount of pleural effusion in the left side, etc. Combined with the patient’s clinical manifestations and the results of the examination, the patient was diagnosed with acute respiratory failure and admitted to the hospital. After diagnosing the patient’s disease, I told the patient that the acute respiratory failure was mainly caused by the infection of the left lung. Since the patient’s symptoms were not serious, regular oxygen therapy combined with medication could alleviate the problem, and surgery was not necessary. After hearing this, the patient expressed his willingness to accept this treatment plan, so I administered oxygen via nasal cannula, and at the same time, I gave the patient ceftriaxone sodium injection, hydrocortisone sodium succinate injection for anti-infective treatment, and I gave him albuterol sulfate inhalation aerosol to relieve coughing, and I gave him aminobromine hydrochloride tablets and doxophylline tablets to dilute sputum, which would help sputum expulsion. After 2 weeks of hospitalization, the patient’s condition improved, and he was discharged with cefixime capsules, and was rechecked in the hospital 10 days later. The patient had cough and white sputum, accompanied by breathlessness and dyspnea before treatment. After 2 weeks of oxygen, anti-infection, cough and sputum treatment, the above symptoms disappeared and the patient could breathe normally. Physical examination revealed symmetrical respiratory motility on both sides, and no dry or wet rales were detected. After 10 days, the patient went to the hospital for chest CT examination and found that the emphysema and pleural effusion disappeared, the bronchial tubes returned to normal, and all the indexes of blood routine also returned to normal, so the patient’s condition was determined to be cured, and the patient was advised to stop the drug. I am also very happy that the patient was discharged from the hospital. At the same time, in order to help the patient to recover better, to avoid recurrence of the disease, we need to remind the patient to pay attention to the need to adhere to the medication during the treatment at home, in order to completely cure the disease, if you stop the medication or increase or decrease the dosage of medication, which may lead to the pathogenic bacteria are not completely killed, and the disease occurs again and again. During the treatment at home, you also need to do a good job of warm measures, timely increase or decrease clothing, to avoid getting cold, resulting in cold, and aggravate their own heavy disease. For diet, need to pay attention to avoid eating spicy, cold, greasy food, easy on the throat and stomach stimulation, resulting in recurrence of cough and other symptoms. Fifth, personal perception Acute respiratory failure is commonly caused by lung tissue and airway disease, generally for the cause of treatment, most can be cured. As in this case, acute respiratory failure was caused by a lung infection, but the patient’s symptoms disappeared and his condition basically recovered through 2 weeks of treatment. Although the likelihood of recurrence of acute respiratory failure is relatively small, the patient in this case should also do a good job of self-monitoring, and should seek prompt medical attention if symptoms such as dyspnea, cyanosis, agitation, or coma appear to inhibit the progression of the disease.