Pneumonectomy has now been used for the treatment of lung cancer for a century and has evolved over several years to be very sophisticated for the treatment of many lung diseases. Generally speaking, the mortality rate of wedge resection, segmental lung resection and lobectomy is within 2%, and the mortality rate of total pneumonectomy is 5%-8%. However, any surgery is not absolutely safe and there are certain risks. The risks of lung cancer surgery mainly include the following aspects: 1. anesthesia accident, anesthesia is a very important step in lung cancer surgery and also a more dangerous step; 2. hemorrhage during surgery, hemopneumothorax after surgery, etc.; 3. respiratory insufficiency: clinical symptoms such as dyspnea, pulse rate, facial cyanosis, etc., and tracheal intubation is required for serious cases Mechanical assisted treatment; 4, bronchopleural fistula and abscess chest: bronchopleural fistula means bronchopleural fistula occurs after surgery due to poor healing of the bronchial stump caused by various factors, patients can have fever, respiratory coughing out unequal amounts of plasma, bloody chest fluid and other symptoms, and must immediately do chest drainage and other treatment; abscess chest means purulent infection of the pleural cavity; at present, the incidence of these two complications is low; 5, arrhythmia and Heart failure: mainly related to the patient’s age and previous cardiovascular history, according to statistics, the incidence of arrhythmia in elderly patients aged over 60 years can reach 15%-20%. Although there are great risks in lung cancer surgery, the incidence of these risks is low in clinical practice. As long as the correct surgical indications are mastered, preoperative preparations are made, and patients and family members actively cooperate, most of the surgical treatments are safe and reliable. There are risks associated with surgery, which doctors will consider on balance, and the size of the risks will depend on the patient’s overall condition.