Question 1: What is HPV? A: HPV (human papillomaviral, human papillomavirus) is a genus of papillomavirus A belonging to the family of papillomaviridae, a spherical DNA virus with normal cell immortalization ability and high genus specificity and special epitheliophilia, there are more than 120 subtypes, the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer was first proposed by German scientist Harald zur Hausen ( Harald zur Hausen,), was proposed and verified. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2008 for this. The virus is classified into low-risk and high-risk types according to its oncogenicity. The current clinical typing check high risk types: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 5 8, 59, 68, 69; low risk types: 6, 11, 42, 43, 44, CP8304. Question 2: Is it true that HPV infection can cause cervical cancer on the Internet? A: The statement is not strict and not very accurate. It should be said that: without HPV there is almost no cervical cancer; and HPV infection does not necessarily lead to cervical cancer. HPV can be detected in more than 99 cervical cancer tissues, which means there is almost no cervical cancer without HPV; however, there are many people with HPV infection in the population, around 10-20%, and the reported lifetime cumulative infection rate is 40-80%, which means that 40%-80% of people have suffered from HPV infection in their lifetime. Usually HPV infection is transient, or “transient HPV carrier status”. It has been likened to a “cold” in the genitals. The virus can mostly be cleared by autoimmunity, which usually takes an average of 8 months. 70% of patients with HPV infection are cleared within a year, and 90% of those infected are cleared within 2 years, while only those with high-risk, persistent infection may eventually develop cervical lesions and eventually cervical cancer. Only about 3-5% of the infected population eventually develop cervical cancer. People who are not infected with HPV have little to no risk of developing cervical cancer, and those infected with HPV16 and HPV18 have a higher risk of developing cervical cancer. Question 3: What are the routes of HPV infection? A: Infection is mainly through sexual contact, but sexual contact is not the only way. It can also be transmitted through contact with household items such as bath towels and toilets. Mother-to-child transmission is also a route of infection. Question 4: How is HPV treated? A: First, confirm the presence of combined cervical lesions (CIN), exclude cervical lesions, confirm HPV infection only (HPV typing is preferable), and confirm the type of high-risk type for follow-up testing. From international guidelines and data from studies, there is no effective treatment for HPV infection and therefore treatment for HPV carrier status is not recommended. The drugs currently used are mainly immune-boosting drugs to improve local immunity and speed up the clearance of the virus. In fact, most patients rely on their own immunity to clear the virus and achieve a cure, and the general HPV conversion time is about 8 months to 1.5 years. However, it is very important to review regularly and have a checkup once in the second half of the year or so under the guidance of a doctor. Question 5: How to prevent cervical cancer? A: Avoid HPV infection: HPV infection is the main cause of cervical cancer development. Preventing HPV infection will prevent cervical cancer, and without HPV infection, cervical cancer is almost impossible. Regular cervical cancer screening, early detection of cervical lesions and early treatment of cervical lesions prevent the occurrence of cervical cancer. Question 6: How do I know if I have cervical lesions? A: The physiological structure of the cervix makes cervical lesion screening and early diagnosis possible. Screening methods mainly use cervical cytology and (or HPV) tests. If the cytology results are abnormal (HPV 16 and 18 high-risk infection), colposcopy is the next step, and if necessary, a colposcopy-guided biopsy is required (to obtain pathological results – the gold standard for diagnosis). Question 7: I heard that there is a HPV vaccine, can we get it in China? A: There is evidence to support that vaccination can reduce the incidence of cervical cancer and women aged 9-26 years can consider vaccination, however, domestic marketing is still not approved.