Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a recurrent connective tissue disease of unknown etiology, often with multi-organ involvement, including the skin, joints, kidneys, blood vessels, and central nervous system. It is commonly believed that SLE is due to the dysfunction of the body’s immune system and the production of autoantibodies, resulting in inflammation due to the deposition of immune complexes and complement. Clinical manifestations】 Rheumatoid arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory, systemic disease. Pain often limits the patient’s ability to function at work, in family life, and in sexual life, causing emotional problems such as anxiety, depression, and lack of cooperation with treatment. Psychotherapy can improve psychiatric symptoms, increase compliance with treatment, relieve pain and improve psychosocial functioning. Cognitive behavioral therapy or self-help groups can be helpful in the treatment of anxiety. The disease often has a chronic, recurrent course, but acute fulminant disorders can also occur. Common symptoms include wandering arthralgia and rash, and general symptoms include fatigue, fever, and weight loss. The lesions most often affect the kidneys, causing nephritis and renal failure; they can also cause pleurisy, pericarditis, retinopathy, lymphadenopathy, and various hemocytopenias (e.g., anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia). It often leads to hypertension. Severe patients often die due to renal failure or recurrent infections. Neuropsychiatric symptoms may develop when the central nervous system is involved. Occasionally, neuropsychiatric symptoms appear earlier than involvement of other systems. Neuropsychiatric symptoms often appear in the late stages of the disease, but may also appear in the early stages of the disease. Because of the lack of specificity and diversity of symptoms, it is easy to misdiagnose. When the central nervous system is involved, neurological symptoms such as facial palsy, peripheral neuropathy, movement disorders, intracranial ischemia, etc. may appear; when the spinal cord is involved, there may be lower extremity light paralysis, epilepsy, and various psychiatric symptoms. seizures and a variety of different psychiatric symptoms. Organic psychiatric syndrome is the most common psychiatric disorder, seen in 30% of patients. The vast majority of patients may present with acute organic brain psychosis, which manifests as cloudy consciousness, delirium with paranoid delusions, hallucinations, affective disorders, and movement disorders. Chronic organic mental disorders are less common and may include cognitive impairment or even dementia. Affective symptoms and schizoid symptoms are relatively rare and usually occur in conjunction with organic psychiatric symptoms. Anxiety, depression, social withdrawal and depersonalization symptoms may also be present. Neuropsychiatric symptoms due to SLE must be differentiated from mental disorders due to CNS infections, hypertensive encephalopathy, and steroid agent therapy. EEG, lumbar puncture, brain CT scan and MRI help in the differential diagnosis. In addition, DNA assays and other specific antibody tests can be used to distinguish between mental disorders caused by steroid agents and SLE itself. Patients with SLE with CNS lesions can be treated with steroids or high-dose immunosuppressants, and psychiatric symptoms can be treated with antipsychotics and emotion stabilizers. It should be noted that drugs used to treat SLE can also cause psychiatric disorders. nSAIDs, steroids, etc. have side effects that cause psychiatric symptoms, see the section on rheumatoid arthritis.