Diseases that can be detected by chromosomes include Turner syndrome, DOWN syndrome, and 5P-syndrome. 1. Abnormalities in the number and pattern of sex chromosomes: This may lead to Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and testicular feminization syndrome. 2. Abnormalities in autosomal number and morphology: DOWN syndrome, trisomy 18, trisomy 13, trisomy 8, trisomy 9, and trisomy 22 are easily induced. 3. Autosomal structural abnormalities: the most common are balanced translocation, Roche translocation, inversion, deletion and duplication of large segments, etc., which are prone to induce 5P-syndrome, 4P-syndrome, 18P-syndrome, chromosome breakage syndrome, and fragile X chromosome syndrome. In addition, chromosomal abnormalities are very harmful, so it is recommended that women need to actively undergo relevant tests during the preparation for pregnancy to ensure eugenics.