Although the research on hydrocephalus by domestic medical experts is much later than that of European and American countries and Japan, a lot of achievements have been made with the joint efforts of many experts. At present, it is recognized that the treatment of hydrocephalus is mainly based on shunt surgery, and the common surgical methods include ventriculoperitoneal shunt, ventriculoatrial shunt, lumbar pool shunt and so on. Different types of hydrocephalus are treated with targeted surgery. Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a common type of hydrocephalus, and most doctors in remote and backward areas usually treat patients with traditional lumbar pool shunts. Although the traditional lumbar pool shunt is less damaging to the ventricles, it can easily cause shunt blockage or shunt infection due to the thin shunts and long drainage pathways, which can even lead to retrograde infection into the skull, resulting in septic intracranial infection with very serious consequences. In response to the various drawbacks of this technology, senior experts from some large hospitals in China have upgraded this technology to a new type of lumbar pool shunt after continuous transformation, which has well overcome all the problems that existed before, with good postoperative effects and is well recognized by patients. Although normal pressure hydrocephalus shows enlarged ventricles in imaging, lumbar puncture shows normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure, and the symptoms are mainly gait disorder, dementia and urinary incontinence. Normal pressure hydrocephalus is clinically divided into two types: primary and secondary. Primary hydrocephalus is of unknown origin and occurs mainly in elderly people over 60 years of age, while secondary hydrocephalus can occur at any age and is mainly caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, and intracranial surgery.