Hydrocephalus is an increase in intracranial cerebrospinal fluid volume leading to ventricular dilatation, which leads to a series of symptoms in the clinic. In children, the clinical symptoms include mental retardation, enlarged skull, enlarged fontanelle, language and motor disorders of the sunset eyes, in adults, dizziness and headache, loss of vision and weakness of limbs, and in the elderly, dementia, unsteady walking and urinary frequency and urgency are the three main signs. Medication and surgery are two common methods of treating hydrocephalus, and the specific way depends on the specific conditions of the disease. When it comes to surgery, many patients are more concerned about whether hydrocephalus surgery requires craniotomy. In fact, hydrocephalus surgery does not require craniotomy, and patients do not need to worry too much. Ventriculo-abdominal shunt is one of the common types of shunt surgery, and there are also ventriculo-atrial shunt, ventriculo-lumbar pool shunt and external drainage, etc. These surgical methods are mature and simple to perform, and they all aim to drain the excessive cerebrospinal fluid collected in the skull through the shunt tube, so that the ventricular shape can be normalized and the symptoms can be improved. However, there is a greater risk of postoperative complications and the risk of shunt infection and shunt blockage. Nevertheless, the medical community did not give up on the research of hydrocephalus surgical modalities until the emergence of the cerebrospinal fluid specialist technique, which really brought light to the majority of patients with hydrocephalus. The cerebrospinal fluid specialist technique has great advantages over traditional shunts in that it has a wide range of treatment, a suitable surgical plan for each type of hydrocephalus, and a high evacuation rate with few complications and a good recovery after surgery. This mature technology is now widely carried out and has cured many critical patients, truly solving various problems caused by excessive cerebrospinal fluid volume, gaining high medical recognition and achieving outstanding clinical results and good social benefits.