Thyroid nodules are a relatively common type of thyroid lesion, with nodular goiter being the most common and some patients having thyroid cancer in combination. The typical features of thyroid cancer are indistinct borders, sandy calcifications, and abundant blood flow. If you have one or two of these features, especially indistinct borders and sandy calcifications, it is best to have a puncture, which plays a key role in confirming the diagnosis of thyroid nodules, especially for smaller nodules that are benign and can avoid surgery. If the diagnosis is malignant, not excluding malignant, atypical cells, etc., then surgery is required. Generally, for unilateral single malignant nodes, the affected thyroid and isthmus should be removed and the ipsilateral central zone should be cleared at the same time. As to whether the lymph nodes in the lateral neck need to be cleared, it still depends on the ultrasound results. For patients with multiple thyroid cancer lesions, total thyroidectomy is recommended, or if two lesions reside on one side, only one side of the thyroid and isthmus can be removed. Bilateral thyroid cancer requires bilateral central zone debridement. In the case of cancer on one side and suspicious benign on the other side, intraoperative cryoablation of the nodule on the benign side is recommended to clarify that the benign nature can be preserved. For multiple nodules in the thyroid gland, ultrasound consideration of benign lesions, the experience is that those larger than 4 cm and growing more rapidly in a short period of time (except for cystic nodules with intracapsular hemorrhage) do not exclude follicular carcinoma and have severe discomfort symptoms can be operated. In general, benign multiple nodules are not easily removed, especially small nodules that cannot be felt during surgery, unless a total thyroidectomy is performed, which is generally not recommended for benign nodules, unless the normal gland cannot be preserved with large bilateral nodules. For unilateral benign nodules, as long as they are not growing fast, it is recommended to observe them, because they will slowly become multiple nodules.