1.What is lung cancer (what is called lung cancer)? A: There is a distinction between lung cancer in the broad sense and narrow sense. The broad sense of lung cancer includes all malignant tumors of bronchus, lung and pleura, while the narrow sense of lung cancer only refers to primary bronchogenic cancer. 2.What is the etiology of lung cancer? A: Like most malignant tumors, the etiology of lung cancer is still unclear. However, compared with other common malignant tumors, the etiology of lung cancer is relatively well understood. Smoking: It is now recognized that smoking is an important factor in causing lung cancer. Tobacco contains many carcinogenic agents, the most important is 3, 4 benzopyrene, paper cigarettes have 226 radium naturally occurring isotope – radioactive element 210 polonium, and high concentrations of 210 polonium are found in the bronchial bifurcation of heavy smokers. ②Atmospheric pollution: about 10% of lung cancer occurs in smokers, indicating that there are other causes besides smoking. Lung cancer mortality is higher in urban than in rural areas. In heavily polluted cities, it is estimated that residents inhale more than 20 paper cigarettes of benzo(a)pyrene in the air each month. Atmospheric pollution can increase the incidence of lung cancer by 2-3 times. ③ Occupational exposure: Miners exposed to high concentrations of mineral dust for long periods of time die from lung cancer in 75% of cases. The occurrence of pleural mesothelioma is closely related to the inhalation of asbestos fibers. Gas workers, coke oven workers, chimney workers, foundry workers, who are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for a long time, are also prone to lung cancer. ④ Chronic diseases: chronic inflammation has its significance in the development of lung cancer. Various cell types of lung cancer have been found to originate around scarring, and the most common scarring cancer is mucin-secreting adenocarcinoma. ⑤ Other viruses, family history of tumor, genetic immunodeficiency, etc. 3.Who is the high-risk group of lung cancer? Age 45; smoking 20 cigarettes per day for more than 10 years; those who are exposed to disease-causing factors. 4.How to detect and diagnose early? A: More than one-third of early lung cancer patients are asymptomatic. Those who have symptoms may have different symptoms depending on the location, type and damage part of lung cancer. Early central lung cancer is mainly coughing, often irritating choking cough, without sputum or only a small amount of white foamy sputum. For patients of advanced age who have not been cured for a long time, the vigilance of lung cancer should be raised. those who are over 45 years old and have cough with segmental lobar pneumonia and recurrent pneumonia with blood sputum have a high possibility of developing lung cancer. Most early peripheral lung cancers are asymptomatic. Regular X-ray screening is the main means of detecting this type of lung cancer. Persistent small amount of bloody sputum with nodules and spherical lesions in the lungs is a common manifestation of peripheral lung cancer. At first, peripheral lung cancer may appear as a small inflammatory infiltrate on X-ray, followed by the formation of small nodules. The nodules gradually increase in size and become more dense, often forming round-like shadows, and may have small lobes. Later, the lobular features become more pronounced, and some short, thin burrs are visible at the edges. X-ray examination is easy to detect early peripheral lung cancer, while cytological examination is easy to detect early central lung cancer. Combining the two, the detection rate of early lung cancer is quite high for high-risk groups. 5.How is lung cancer treated? What is the treatment effect? Lung cancer treatment mainly consists of four kinds of therapies: surgery, radiotherapy, drug therapy and comprehensive therapy. Comprehensive treatment mainly based on surgery should be adhered to more often. In recent years, immunotherapy, as a new treatment method, has been applied in clinical practice. Those who are suspected of lung cancer, have not yet found multiple distant metastases and are in good general condition should be treated by surgery as early as possible. Pre- or post-operative treatment is supplemented with radiotherapy and drug therapy according to different pathological types of lung cancer; small cell lung cancer can be treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed by surgical treatment plan. Surgery should also be considered after chemotherapy and radiotherapy for mid- to late-stage lung cancer. Single metastases in the lung can also be treated by simultaneous or staged surgery. With the development of science, minimally invasive surgery has reached a mature stage. Small axillary incision and thoracoscopic surgery can be carried out in our province, which can achieve small trauma and fast recovery. The overall surgery rate of lung cancer is about 20%, the surgical resection rate is about 65%-95%, the five-year survival rate after resection is about 30%, and the surgical mortality rate is reduced to about 1-5%.