There are two kinds of common gynecological tumors, benign tumors and malignant tumors. Benign tumors include uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, etc.; malignant tumors include cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, etc.
Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors of female genitalia.
Etiology: Hormone-dependent tumor, estrogen is the main factor for the development of fibroids.
Symptoms: Menstrual changes, abdominal mass, increased leucorrhea, abdominal pain, lumbago, lower abdominal cramps, pressure symptoms, infertility, secondary anemia.
Prevention: Eat less estrogen-containing foods and use less estrogen-containing skin care products if you have a family history; pay attention to symptoms such as menstrual changes; regular gynecological examinations.
Treatment: Follow-up observation, medication, surgery.
Follow-up observation: small fibroids, asymptomatic, close to menopause. 3-6 months follow-up visit.
Drug treatment: enlarged uterus not exceeding 2 months of gestational uterus, mild symptoms, near menopause, systemic condition cannot tolerate surgery.
Surgical treatment: Uterus ≥ 10 weeks of gestational uterus size, with significant symptoms leading to secondary anemia. Myomectomy or hysterectomy can be performed.
Cervical cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy.
The age distribution of patients is bimodal, 35-39 years and 60-64 years. Cervical cancer has a long precancerous stage, and cervical cancer cytology examination can enable early diagnosis and early treatment of cervical cancer. In the past 40 years, cervical cell cancer smear examination has been commonly carried out at home and abroad, and the incidence of cervical cancer has decreased significantly, and the mortality rate has also decreased.
Etiology: early marriage, sexual disorder, premature sex, early childbirth, close birth, multiple births, economic status, race, geography, high-risk men, viral infection.
Symptoms: Vaginal bleeding: contact bleeding. Vaginal discharge: white or bloody, thin like water or rice slop. Symptoms of advanced cancer: frequent urination, urgent urination, anal swelling, constipation, urgency, swelling and pain in lower limbs.
Prevention: popularize knowledge of cancer prevention, advocate late marriage and less childbearing, carry out sexual health education; play the role of women’s cancer prevention and health care network, regularly carry out cervical cancer screening and general treatment, once every 1~2 years to achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment; timely diagnosis and treatment of CIN to interrupt the occurrence of cervical cancer; vaccine.
Treatment: cervical precancerous lesions
CIN grade Ⅰ: temporarily treated as inflammation, followed by anti-scraping every 3~6 months, and then biopsy if necessary, and continued observation if lesions persist unchanged.
CIN grade II: electric scalding, laser, freezing or cervical conization, follow up every 3~6 months after surgery.
CIN grade III: total hysterectomy; cervical conization is feasible for those who are young and urgent to have children, with regular postoperative follow-up
Cervical invasive cancer: surgical treatment, radiotherapy, combined surgical and radiotherapy, chemotherapy.
Prognosis: it is related to clinical stage, pathological type and treatment method. Early surgery has good prognosis.
Ovarian tumor
Benign tumor: regular physical examination
Malignant tumor: abdominal pain, abdominal mass, ascites, survival rate 25-30%.
Prevention.
High protein, vitamin A rich diet, less high cholesterol food; census and universal treatment; early detection and treatment
Treatment of benign ovarian tumors: <5cm in diameter, short-term observation; >5cm in diameter, surgical treatment.
Treatment of malignant ovarian tumors: surgery as the main treatment, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Endometrial cancer
High incidence age 58~61 years old, survival rate 20%~30%.
Etiology: estrogen stimulation, somatic factors, genetic factors 20% have family history.
Symptoms: vaginal bleeding, vaginal fluid discharge, pain, systemic symptoms.
Prevention: popularize cancer prevention knowledge, regular cancer prevention examination; correctly grasp the indications of estrogen use; endometrial cancer should be excluded first for menstrual disorders or irregular vaginal bleeding in women in menopausal transition; endometrial cancer should be alerted when vaginal bleeding occurs in postmenopausal women; pay attention to high-risk factors and pay attention to high-risk patients.
Treatment: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy.
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