Acute upper respiratory tract infection (epiglottitis) is the general term for acute inflammation of the nasal cavity, pharynx or larynx. It is the most common type of infectious disease of the respiratory tract. It is commonly caused by viruses and rarely by bacteria. It affects patients regardless of age, gender, occupation and region. It is highly contagious and can occur throughout the year, with a high incidence in winter and spring. It can be spread by droplets containing viruses or contaminated utensils, mostly sporadically, but is often prevalent during sudden climate changes. About 70-80% of upper respiratory infections are caused by viruses. The main influenza viruses (A, B, C), parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, echovirus, coxsackievirus; measles virus, rubella virus, etc.. Bacterial infections can occur directly or after viral infections, with hemolytic streptococci being the most common; followed by Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus. Gram-negative bacilli are occasionally seen. The main manifestation of the infection is rhinitis, pharyngitis or tonsillitis. When there is cold, rain, overexertion and other triggering factors, so that the systemic or local defense function of the respiratory tract is reduced, the viruses or bacteria already present in the upper respiratory tract or invaded from outside can rapidly multiply, causing congestion, edema, epithelial cell destruction, a small number of mononuclear cell infiltration, plasma and mucus inflammatory exudate in the mucosa of the nasal cavity and pharynx. Secondary bacterial infections have neutrophil infiltration and large amounts of purulent secretions. Depending on the etiology, there can be different types of clinical manifestations. 1, common cold: commonly known as “cold”, the onset of the disease is more acute, the initial dry throat, throat itching or burning sensation, the onset of the disease at the same time or a few hours later, there can be sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, 2-3 days later thickened. It can be accompanied by sore throat, sometimes hearing loss due to Eustachian tube inflammation, and also lacrimation, dull taste, breathlessness, hoarseness and small amount of cough. There is usually no fever or systemic symptoms, or only low fever, malaise, mild chills and headache. It usually heals after 5 to 7 days. 2. Viral pharyngitis and laryngitis: The clinical features are itching and burning sensation in the pharynx; the pain is not persistent and not prominent. When there is painful swallowing, it often suggests a streptococcal infection, and coughing is rare. Acute laryngitis is clinically characterized by hoarseness, difficulty in speaking, painful coughing day inch, often with fever, pharyngitis or cough. Physical examination reveals edema and congestion in the larynx, mild enlargement and tenderness of local lymph nodes, and wheezing can be heard. 3, sore throat: manifestation of obvious sore throat, fever, the course of the disease for about a week. 4, pharyngeal conjunctival fever: clinical manifestations of fever, sore throat, photophobia, lacrimation, pharynx and conjunctival membrane obvious congestion. The duration of the disease is 4-6 days. 5, bacterial pharyngeal – tonsillitis: rapid onset, obvious sore throat, chills, fever, body temperature up to 39 ℃ or more. The tonsils are enlarged and congested, with yellow dotted exudate on the surface. Upper respiratory tract infection can cause serious complications, which can be complicated by acute sinusitis, otitis media, and tracheobronchitis. Some patients may develop secondary rheumatism, renal small fall nephritis, and myocarditis. The clinical diagnosis can be made based on the history, prevalence, symptoms and signs occurring in the nasopharynx, combined with peripheral blood picture and chest x-ray. Bacterial culture and virus isolation, or virus serological examination, immunofluorescence method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and hemagglutination inhibition test can be performed to determine the etiological diagnosis. There are no special antiviral drugs for upper respiratory tract viral infections, so symptomatic treatment, rest, avoiding smoking, drinking more water, keeping indoor air circulation, and preventing secondary bacterial infections are the mainstays. The general rules of contraindications for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections should be conducive to the above mentioned aspects of upper respiratory tract infection treatment. In life, pay attention to the cold and warmth, pay attention to physical exercise, eat light, easy to digest, nutritious food is appropriate, greasy, spicy food, tobacco, alcohol, hair should be avoided.