Acute upper respiratory tract infections are common and frequent diseases in children, and what we usually call cold is one of them. Viral infections can be followed by bacterial infections, the most common of which is Streptococcus haemolyticus, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. However, Mycoplasma pneumoniae can cause not only pneumonia, but also upper respiratory tract infections. Infants and children are susceptible to this disease due to the anatomical and immunological characteristics of the upper respiratory tract. Nutritional disorders such as vitamin D deficiency rickets, subclinical vitamin A, zinc or iron deficiency, or immunodeficiency diseases, passive smoking, improper care, climate change and poor environment predispose to recurrent upper respiratory tract infections or prolong the course of the disease. What are the signs and symptoms of acute upper respiratory tract infection? Local symptoms: nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, dry cough, pharyngeal discomfort and sore throat, etc.; systemic symptoms: fever, irritability, headache, general malaise, fatigue, etc. Some children have gastrointestinal symptoms such as loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, etc. Most of them have fever, the body temperature can be as high as 39-40℃, the fever duration is about 2-3 days to 1 week, and the fever can cause convulsions in 1 to 2 days. Signs: The pharynx is congested and the tonsils are enlarged. There may be enlarged jaw and cervical lymph nodes. Pulmonary auscultation is usually normal. Different forms of rash are seen in those with enterovirus infection. Although more than 90% of acute upper respiratory tract infections are viral, for children with heavy symptoms, such as fever for more than 2 days, high fever that does not go away, and poor mental grade, it is advisable to test a routine blood test. The peripheral blood leukocyte count is normal or low, neutrophils are reduced and lymphocyte count is relatively high in viral infections, while the peripheral blood leukocytes can be increased and neutrophils are increased in bacterial infections, in addition, elevated C-reactive protein is also a manifestation of bacterial infections. Treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection 1, general treatment: adequate rest, keep the room air fresh and appropriate temperature and humidity to prevent cross-infection. 2, symptomatic treatment, (1) high fever, for children with body temperature higher than 38.8 degrees or more available antipyretic drugs, oral acetaminophen or ibuprofen, of which acetaminophen has a suppository, for children who can not be taken orally available anal plugs, these two antipyretic drugs, widely used in clinical practice, with relatively few side effects. In recent years, some new antipyretic drugs have been banned in pediatrics because of their side effects, such as nimesulide, which has a good antipyretic effect, but can have the side effect of liver failure. You can also take warm baths, warm baths, and physical cooling such as antipyretic patches. (2) For children with stuffy nose, runny nose, cough and other symptoms, you can also take some medicines to relieve the symptoms, such as Ai Chang, pediatric aminophenanthramine, Huifenacin, etc. 3, antiviral drugs: most upper respiratory tract infections caused by viruses, can try ribavirin oral or ribavirin spray spray throat. You can also take Chinese antiviral drugs, such as antiviral oral liquid, compound fish grass punch. 4, antibiotics: bacterial infection can be used for penicillin such as amoxicillin, cephalosporins such as class cephalosporin, macrolides such as azithromycin antibiotics