Pediatric hydrocephalus is a condition in which high pressure occurs due to excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain. Intracerebroventricular hypertension leads to enlargement of the ventricles and thinning of the brain, and the infant’s skull is not yet closed and the head is gradually enlarged, forming a severe craniocephalic malformation that mostly affects intellectual and physical development. The diagnosis of hydrocephalus in children is not difficult. The diagnosis can be confirmed by an enlarged head circumference, bulging fontanelle, sunset signs or in older children with headache, vomiting, optic disc edema and cranial CT indicating hydrocephalus. Ventriculo-abdominal shunt surgery is one of the most commonly used methods to treat all types of hydrocephalus, and it is suitable for all types of obstructive and traffic hydrocephalus. It is less invasive, easier to perform, safer and more effective, and has fewer complications.