The dilatation, bending and lengthening of the spermatoid plexus is called varicocele. Varicocele is one of the important causes of male infertility, mostly seen in young people, mostly occurring between 16 and 25 years of age, with an incidence of about 15%, 99% occurring on the left side and about 1% bilaterally. Etiology (a) anatomical factors: the left spermatic vein is long and enters the renal vein at a right angle, and the blood flow is subject to certain resistance. The left internal spermatic vein near the left renal vein has no valve, so the blood flows backwards easily. The internal spermatic vein is located after the sigmoid colon, which is easily compressed by feces in the intestine and affects the blood reflux. (2) Physiological factors: The sexual function of young adults is more vigorous, and the blood supply of scrotal contents is strong. In addition, long standing, increased abdominal pressure is also the pathogenesis of trapped factors. (3) Other factors: retroperitoneal tumor, renal tumor, hydronephrosis, etc. can cause symptomatic or secondary varicose veins in the spermatic cord by compressing the veins. The primary ones disappear quickly when lying down, while the secondary ones often do not disappear or disappear very slowly. Symptoms Patients may be completely asymptomatic and are only detected on physical examination. The affected scrotum or testicles are swollen or painful, the scrotum is enlarged, the affected scrotum and testicles are lower than the healthy side when standing, and dilated and tortuous veins are visible on the surface of the scrotum. The scrotal surface can be seen as dilated and tortuous veins. There are earthworm-like soft masses when touched, and the symptoms can be reduced or disappeared by lying down. Patients may have symptoms of neurasthenia, such as headache, fatigue, hypersensitivity, etc. Some patients have sexual dysfunction. Some patients have sexual dysfunction. Varicocele can sometimes affect fertility. Nine percent of varicocele patients have infertility and 39 percent of male infertility is caused by varicocele. Severe cases can cause testicular atrophy. Clinically, varicocele can be divided into three degrees: degree 1 (mild): varicose veins are not visible on the scrotal skin when standing up, but the varicose veins can be felt in the scrotum, and they disappear quickly when lying down. Degree 2 (moderate): dilated veins can be seen on the scrotum when standing, and more obvious varicose veins can be felt in the scrotum, and the mass gradually disappears when lying down. Degree 3 (severe): There are obvious thick blood vessels on the surface of the scrotum, and there are obvious worm-like dilated veins in the scrotum, and the walls of the veins are thickened and hardened; they disappear slowly when lying down. For secondary varicocele attention should be paid to the examination of the abdomen and intravenous pyelogram should be done to exclude renal tumors. Treatment Asymptomatic mild varicocele does not require treatment. Non-surgical treatment: for more severe varicocele or with neurasthenia, the scrotum can be supported and cold compresses can be applied. Surgical treatment: If you have 2nd or 3rd degree varicocele, sperm count below 20 million for three consecutive times or testicular atrophy; if the varicose vein can disappear when lying down, high level ligation of the internal spermatic vein is feasible.