Childhood mood disorders are a group of disorders that occur in children and adolescents with anxiety, depression, and fear as the main manifestations, and have a higher incidence of psychiatric problems in children, with girls significantly higher than boys. Common types include anxiety disorders, phobias, school phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression and dysthymia. Children are affected by various factors during their psychological development, mainly their own quality, family environment, kindergarten and school environment, and social environment; children’s brain development is still immature and their psychological state is very unstable, so they are easily affected by these factors, especially the genetic susceptibility quality under the action of adverse environmental factors, and often have various emotional problems. Anxiety is one of the main manifestations of emotional disorders in children. In younger children, it is common to be overly worried about being separated from their closest or attached person, also known as separation anxiety, such as crying and fussing when separated from parents, not eating or sleeping, and physical symptoms such as nausea and abdominal pain, or unrealistic fears of accidents to loved ones; in older children, social anxiety can occur, making them nervous and anxious when interacting with others. Fear is also a common emotional problem in childhood. 90% of children in a certain stage of development have a momentary fear reaction, which is generally normal and does not affect life and learning, and disappears on its own with age, such as fear of the dark, fear of lightning, fear of certain animals, etc. However, if the child shows fear greatly exceeds the actual level of danger, or actually no danger at all but show great fear, and this fear of emotions last for a considerable period of time, resulting in avoidance, withdrawal behavior, the normal life, learning, social bring serious impact, persuasion is ineffective, then the child’s fear of this phenomenon has reached the pathological level, should be considered as a phobia for treatment Children with phobias such as fear of school and refusal to go to school, fear of meeting people and reluctance to go out, etc. Depression in children is more often caused by psychological stimuli, such as separation from parents, family discord, punishment, bad exams, etc. It can occur from infancy to adolescence, and is more common in children after the age of 8. The performance of children varies from one period to another, and is generally characterized by depressed mood, crying, temper tantrums, diminished interest, low self-esteem, decreased academic performance, and even self-harm and suicidal behavior. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is repeatedly thinking about a sentence, a thing, a thought or repeating an action, although they know that there is no need or meaning, but they can never overcome it and bring pain to themselves. Hysteria in children is often characterized by excessive emotional outbursts caused by mental factors or functional physical disorders without substantial changes, with a variety of performances, such as bawling at the slightest thing, crying for a while and laughing later, suddenly unable to walk or write. In short, if you find children with emotional abnormalities, you should pay attention to them and seek a psychologist in time.