With the rapid development of society and economy, people are subjected to more and more pressure, while the intensification of social competition, poor adaptability of individuals, coupled with the lack of timely and effective psychological guidance and treatment, have led to a rising trend of patients with psychological and mental disorders in our population year by year. Among these patients with mental disorders, some serious patients, such as patients with severe schizophrenia, are not well treated with medication. How to let these severe schizophrenic patients get rid of their illnesses so that they can return to normal family and social life? Refractory mental illnesses are characterized by poor drug efficacy or patients’ refusal to take medication; even when medication is administered, serious symptoms such as hurting people, destroying things, hallucinating or committing suicide still occur. This poses a heavy burden on society! It also makes their families lose the confidence and hope of treatment! Psychosurgery-opens a ray of light for the cure of intractable mental diseases! Modern imaging, electrophysiology, and medical research have found that human emotions and feelings are closely related to the nerve nuclei in the neural circuits of the brain; stimulating or interfering with different nerve nuclei will effectively control different psychiatric symptoms, and this discovery has laid the foundation for psychosurgery. Psychosurgery has a history of 200 years. With the development of neuronal nuclei localization technology towards precision and intelligence, this discipline has gradually gained recognition and promotion from medical experts in Europe and the United States. Our department has successfully completed 2300 cases of psychosurgery. The neural nuclei and fibers in specific parts of the human brain – the limbic system – are closely related to various human behaviors and higher emotional activities. “The corresponding neural nuclei of psychiatric patients have a one-to-one correspondence with symptoms such as aggression, hallucinations, delusions, sensitivity, paranoia, and phantom hearing, etc. Neuromodulation of which can effectively control psychiatric symptoms, thus curing such diseases.” Neuromodulation surgery is a precise and minimally invasive psychosurgical technique. Prior to surgery, medical experts conduct CT/MRI/DTI fusion localization of the patient’s head, which targets the neural nuclei that need to be regulated and avoids motor and sensory nerves, and then completes the surgical path planning before surgery – which is equivalent to “making navigation settings before driving a car”, with an error of only 0.01 millimeters. During general anesthesia, an 8-mm locking hole is drilled in the skull and a 2-mm electrode is implanted to complete the surgical operation, causing minimal damage to the surrounding brain tissue. The high efficiency of this surgery is inseparable from the close collaboration of the multidisciplinary medical team, whose members cover functional neurosurgery, psychiatry, imaging, anesthesiology, ICU, etc.; the patient’s recovery is also guided by long-term follow-up visits from psychiatrists. Which patients are suitable for psychosurgery? Expert consensus, surgery patients need to be 18 years of age or older; disease duration of more than 3 years; multiple drug treatment effect is poor and recurrent refractory psychiatric patients. Such diseases include: schizophrenia, affective mental disorder, mania, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorder, epileptic mental disorder, substance-dependent mental disorder and so on. Experts emphasize that the treatment of refractory psychiatric disorders is complex, and the families of patients should have a full understanding of this.