According to statistics, there are more than 100 million people with mental illnesses in China, of whom about 16 million are seriously ill. In the eyes of others, people with mental illnesses behave strangely, are crazy, and even commit self-harm and suicide, so people are afraid to avoid them. Unbeknownst to them, they suffer from illnesses all year round, in urgent need of treatment, but also in need of social care. In the outpatient clinic, the reporter saw a few patients who came to the post-operative follow-up, they were refractory schizophrenia patients, the condition was very serious before the operation, often babbling, delusions, impulsive aggression, poor drug therapy. After receiving minimally invasive neuromodulation surgery, their intelligence, language, logic, and computational ability are no different from normal people. Neuromodulation: “multi-target” treatment for intractable mental illnesses At present, the traditional treatment methods for mental illnesses mainly include drugs, psychological counseling, and electrical stimulation, etc. About 30% of the patients are interested in the above treatments. Currently, the traditional treatments for mental illnesses include medication, psychological counseling, and electrical stimulation. About 30% of patients do not respond to these treatments or suffer from recurrent attacks. For patients with intractable mental illness, surgery may be the best option. Psychosurgery is one of the most complex disciplines in modern medicine, and the discipline has come a long way in the quest for safe and effective surgical methods. Eventually, multi-targeted neuromodulation techniques based on affective circuits and transmitter secretion have gradually become the mainstream surgical approach in psychosurgery. The so-called “multi-target” neuromodulation is mainly derived from the “3+X” theory. The “3” represents three classic psychosurgical targets, namely, the cingulate gyrus, the anterior limb of the internal capsule, and the amygdala, which can effectively control the patient’s psychiatric symptoms after selective blockade; the “X” represents the patient’s core symptoms. Usually, after a comprehensive assessment of the patient’s condition, the surgeon will “customize” different combinations of “3+X” multi-target surgical treatments for the patient to obtain the best therapeutic effect. Multi-target neuromodulation surgery has two main effects: first, it blocks the dopamine loop in the limbic system of the midbrain, eliminating the patient’s violent aggression, which is long-lasting and stable; second, it improves the patient’s sensitivity to medication, so that the amount of medication used in the postoperative period is greatly reduced, which reduces the adverse effects of the medication; at the same time, it may also make the medication that is ineffective preoperatively effective after the operation. In particular, for patients who lack self-awareness before surgery, the surgical treatment can restore their self-awareness and enable them to consciously cooperate with the treatment. Brain Stereotactic Technology: Making Neuromodulation Surgery More Accurate and Minimally Invasive Although multi-target neuromodulation surgery has obvious advantages in treating intractable psychiatric disorders, the internal structure of the brain is so complex that it can be very risky if the surgery is not precise, and people are full of worries and doubts about this type of surgery. In recent years, advanced “brain stereotactic technology” has been developed to realize the precise localization of neuronal nuclei. Currently, this technology has been updated and developed into the fifth generation. It determines the radiofrequency ablation nerve nuclei (i.e., the target point) according to the patient’s various psychiatric symptoms, and then locates the peri-cranial area through CT of the head, the nerve nuclei and sub-nuclei through MRI, and the direction of the nerve conduction bundles through Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), which are fused together to display the 3D coordinates of the target point, and then the computerized surgical planning navigation system carries out the 3D modeling and the surgical path planning. The error of “target point” localization is no more than 0.01 mm, avoiding accidental injury to normal nerve nuclei, which not only ensures the efficacy of the surgery, but also minimizes the trauma. During the surgery, the surgeon only needs to make an incision of about 3 cm in the patient’s head to obtain a 0.8 cm micro-bone hole, through which radiofrequency ablation of the corresponding nucleus pulposus can be performed under the guidance of brain stereotactic technology, with less than 10 ml of bleeding. On the second day after the operation, the patient could get out of bed and walk; 15 days after the operation, the patient could be discharged from the hospital.