Most patients with thyroid nodules do not need to be treated. Only patients with particularly large nodules or those causing symptoms of pressure on the body or suspected malignant or clearly malignant nodules will be considered for surgical treatment to remove the diseased tissue. Patients with thyroid nodules, which can often be encountered clinically, are mostly associated with daily iodine intake. Too much or too little intake may stimulate the thyroid gland, resulting in abnormal hyperplasia of thyroid tissue and the formation of nodules. For nodules with no symptoms and no obvious abnormalities, the nodules should be observed and reviewed in six months to a year. For patients with abnormal thyroid hormone secretion, hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, they can choose appropriate oral medications to regulate the thyroid hormone secretion level. If oral medication is not effective, if the nodule is particularly large and causes pressure symptoms, or if the nodule is suspected to be malignant, the doctor may recommend surgery to remove most or all of the thyroid gland, depending on the condition. In conclusion, most patients with thyroid nodules do not need special treatment, but only a small number of patients will need surgery. After finding a thyroid nodule, it is important to have a timely examination to clarify the condition and then consider how to treat it.