The human brain is divided into the white matter of the brain and the gray matter of the brain. The white matter of the brain mainly refers to the place where the nerve fibers gather, in the deep part of the brain. A demyelinating lesion of the white matter of the brain means that there is a problem with the myelin sheath that wraps the nerve fibers in the brain. The more common clinical cortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy is a white matter demyelination lesion, which is caused by chronic lack of oxygen to the brain, insufficient blood supply to the brain, and cerebral arteriosclerosis. Acute demyelinating lesions in the white matter of the brain are generally characterized by multiple sclerosis or optic neuromyelitis optica, both of which are characterized by temporal and spatial multiplicity and recurrent attacks. There is no cure for this disease. Once multiple sclerosis occurs, hormonal shock therapy should be given in a timely manner to delay the occurrence of complications and sequelae.