Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, a peripheral neuropathy associated with autoimmune mediation, also known as Guillain-Barré syndrome, mainly damages nerves innervating the face, extremities and trunk, often in multiple symmetrical lesions. The exact etiology of the disease is not fully understood, and many studies suggest an association with immune reactions secondary to respiratory infections and/or gastrointestinal infections. The main clinical symptoms include symmetrical weakness of the limbs, which can also involve the respiratory muscles and present with labored breathing. If the brain nerves are involved, symmetrical facial palsy and choking coughing from drinking can occur, and some patients can present with abnormal sensory symptoms of numbness and tingling. Depending on the severity of the patient’s symptoms, there are two main aspects of treatment: first, treatment for the cause, including intravenous infusion of gammaglobulin, plasma exchange, glucocorticoid use, etc. Second, symptom-specific treatment, including symptomatic treatment for dyspnea and dysphagia.