Female genital structure: Female genitalia include internal and external genitalia. External genitalia include including mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule, vestibular gland, vestibular bulb, urethral opening, vaginal opening and hymen. The female internal genitalia include the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Functions of the female genitalia: 1. The uterus is located in the pelvic cavity in an inverted pear shape, and the surrounding ligaments anchor it in the pelvic cavity. The uterus is composed of three parts: the uterine body, the uterine fundus and the cervix. From puberty to menopause, the endometrium of a woman’s uterus is regulated by female hormones in her body in a cyclical manner, and can receive fertilized eggs at a certain time of the month. The uterus is the place where the fetus is conceived, where the fertilized egg lays, grows and develops into a mature fetus, and after full term, the uterus contracts and delivers the fetus. During the period from puberty to menopause, if a woman does not conceive, the endometrium undergoes cyclic changes and peels off under the action of ovarian hormones, producing menstruation. 2. The fallopian tubes are thin tubes about 10 to 13 cm long that have the function of transporting sperm and eggs, and are also the place where sperm and eggs meet for fertilization. After the mature egg is discharged from the ovary, it is fed into the fallopian tube from the abdominal cavity by the umbrella end of the fallopian tube. The fallopian tubes are located on both sides of the uterus, and the mucous membrane of their inner walls is covered with cilia that can move. At this point, if it meets a sperm, it unites and becomes a fertilized egg, which splits and develops while running towards the uterus and then enters the uterine cavity to be laid. If the egg is not fertilized, it enters the uterine cavity and perishes on its own. 3. The ovaries are the gonadal organs of the female and contain many follicles. The ovaries are located on either side of the uterus, just below the fallopian tubes, one on each side. They are oval in shape and are fixed in the pelvic cavity by means of ligaments. Female hormones maintain a woman’s secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast augmentation, subcutaneous fat accumulation, pronunciation, etc.; they also maintain a woman’s sexual function, which acts on the whole body through blood circulation. From puberty to menopause, i.e. from about 13 to 49 years of age, a woman emits one mature egg every month. After menopause, the ovaries gradually shrink. 4. The endometrium is the layer that forms the inner wall of the mammalian uterus. It responds to both estrogen and progesterone and therefore can change significantly with the ovulation cycle.