Does the fact that the uterus has been removed mean that regular gynecological checkups will not be needed in the future? The answer is no! This is because, although the uterus has been removed, the other reproductive organs are still there, so naturally there is a possibility of gynecological diseases occurring. There are various reasons for hysterectomy, and the specific surgical methods vary, and the postoperative situation will also vary. However, regardless of benign or malignant tumors, regular gynecological checkups are needed after repair or corrective surgeries, with the purpose of determining the effectiveness of the surgery, adjusting the treatment plan, and detecting and dealing with new problems. In women who have had their uterus removed due to uterine fibroids, the ovaries are most often preserved if they are not very old. It can be assumed that the preserved ovaries are just as likely to develop benign tumors, or even ovarian cancer, as the ovaries of an average woman who has not had surgery; even if both fallopian tubes and ovaries are removed, malignant tumors (primary peritoneal carcinomatosis) may still develop in the peritoneum. Therefore, regular examinations related to ovarian tumors are still needed. This includes routine gynecological examinations, pelvic ultrasound and tumor marker tests. Commonly used markers related to gynecological tumors are CA (cancer antigen) 125, CA199, CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) and APF (alpha-fetoprotein), which, if significantly elevated, should alert to the possibility of ovarian lesions. In addition, numerous studies have shown that a series of transvaginal ultrasound examinations every six months to a year is important for the early detection of ovarian cancer. For women who have had their uterus removed for uterine fibroids combined with precancerous cervical lesions, regular screening for cervical lesions, including thin-layer liquid-based cytology (TCT) or human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, should still be performed, and there is no upper age limit for such screening until the end of life. However, in the case of total hysterectomy due to a disease of the uterus itself, such as uterine fibroids, if the cervical examination is normal prior to the operation, some people believe that cervical cancer screening can be dispensed with after the operation or that the interval between screenings can be extended. However, some people believe that regardless of whether the uterus is removed or not, as long as a woman still has sex, she may be infected with human papillomavirus and become sick, or even develop stump cancer and vaginal cancer, so regular gynecological examination is still needed. If the operation is a subtotal hysterectomy (i.e. removing the uterus but preserving the cervix), it is of course more important for women to undergo routine cancer screening of the cervix every year or at most 2-3 years, as in the case of ordinary women, for the early detection of cervical cancer and treatment of pre-cancerous lesions. For younger women who have had both ovaries removed at the time of hysterectomy, early menopause is also a concern. This is because women who go through menopause by surgical removal of the ovaries have more severe menopausal symptoms and a greater likelihood of cardiovascular events and disorders of the vegetative nervous system than women who go through menopause naturally. For this reason, the administration of sex hormone supplementation therapy is generally recommended. Not simply to target menopausal symptoms, but more importantly to prevent bone loss and osteoporosis. Sex hormone supplementation therapy should be used under the supervision of a gynecologic endocrinologist, and periodic gynecologic examinations are clearly needed to assess efficacy and prevent side effects. It can be assumed that regular gynecological examinations are still needed after surgery, regardless of the reason, the surgical procedure or the age at which the uterus is removed. The removal of the uterus “does not” eliminate all gynecological diseases.