Oral tumors have different pathological manifestations, some may be benign tumors, some may be precancerous; some may be malignant. Benign tumors include: acanthosis; eosinophilic granuloma; fibroma; keratoacanthoma; smooth muscle tumor; lipoma; neurofibroma; odontogenic tumor; osteochondroma; papilloma; pyogenic granuloma; rhabdomyosarcoma; nerve sheath tumor. Warts; Some benign tumors resolve on their own, while others require surgical removal. Most benign tumors do not recur after removal. Please consult your health care provider once they occur. Precancerous lesions: Precancerous lesions include two main conditions: white spots and red spots. They are usually caused by smoking and chewing tobacco. The diagnosis of cancer can only be confirmed by pathological biopsy. White spots are white plaque-like lesions that occur in the oral mucosa. Erythema: a red raised lesion occurring in the oral cavity treated with retinoic acid to stop the lesion from becoming cancerous. Malignant tumors mainly include: squamous cell carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, salivary gland tumors, 90% of which are squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma: Also known as squamous cell carcinoma, this type of tumor originates from the squamous cell layer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. In the early stages, this cancer is present only in the basement membrane cells (called carcinoma in situ). When the cancer spreads outside the basal cells, it is called invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Verrucous carcinoma: Although also considered a type of squamous cell carcinoma, this less malignant cancer rarely metastasizes (spreads to distant sites). It accounts for less than 5% of oral cancers, and warty carcinoma can infiltrate deeper tissues, so extensive surgical excision is required. Small salivary gland malignancies: The oral cavity and oropharyngeal mucosa contain numerous salivary glands. Sometimes the tumor may occur in one salivary gland. Treatment depends on the type of pathology and the location of the tumor, as well as the extent of dissemination. According to the American Cancer Society, malignant tumors of the minor salivary glands are relatively rare.