Primary liver cancer is a common malignant tumor in China, and about 300,000-400,000 patients die of liver cancer in China every year, accounting for 55% of the world. Most of the patients are already in advanced stage when they are found. Even if patients with early detection have successfully undergone radical liver resection, many of them still cannot escape from the clutches of postoperative recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, the prevention of liver cancer is extremely important. According to the specific situation in China, the prevention of liver cancer should focus on the following two major aspects: a. Prevention and treatment of hepatitis Viral hepatitis (including hepatitis B and C), liver cirrhosis and liver cancer are considered as the three steps of liver cancer formation. In China, about one tenth of people carry hepatitis B virus, and about 90% of primary liver cancer patients have hepatitis B. Some studies believe that hepatitis B increases the risk of liver cancer by about 200 times. The most effective measure to prevent hepatitis is the use of hepatitis B vaccine. Babies should be vaccinated against hepatitis B after birth, and newborns should be given hepatitis B immunoglobulin if their mothers are carriers of the hepatitis B virus. Through years of promotion, the rate of hepatitis B carriage among children under 15 years of age has plummeted in some areas with a high incidence of liver cancer, while the incidence of liver cancer has also begun to decline. Adults who have not had hepatitis and who are negative for both halves in hospital tests should also be vaccinated against hepatitis B, especially family members of those who are positive for hepatitis B virus. If you already have viral hepatitis, you should actively treat it to slow down the transformation of hepatitis to cirrhosis. For hepatitis patients, in addition to liver-protective drugs, it is more important to remove the virus. If the antiviral treatment is not satisfactory, hepatitis will be frequently active and accelerate the formation of cirrhosis and liver cancer. However, hepatitis B virus is difficult to be completely removed, and its DNA will be preserved in liver cells and will still be replicated in large quantities at the right time, causing necrosis and proliferation of liver cells, resulting in cirrhosis and even liver cancer. Therefore, hepatitis patients should have regular checkups for AFP and ultrasound, etc., regardless of whether they are in the active stage or not. “Patients with “major tri-positive” and “minor tri-positive” should also have their liver function and hepatitis B virus DNA checked in a timely manner. “The rate of liver cancer among patients with “minor triple-positive” is 12 times higher than that of “major triple-positive”. Some patients with “minor triple-positive” are unable to produce e antigen due to virus mutation, but the virus in their bodies is still replicating in large quantities, which is highly insidious and can easily develop into liver cirrhosis and liver cancer if not treated in time. About 25% of hepatitis B virus carriers will be transformed into chronic hepatitis, but there are also many people who are infected with hepatitis B virus but have never had a history of hepatitis, and after symptoms appear, they are found to have liver cirrhosis and liver cancer after examination by doctors. If the DNA of the hepatitis B virus is found to be significantly higher than normal in the blood, it must be suppressed by taking antiviral drugs. The liver is the chemical factory of the human body, and the nutrients we eat every day are processed by the liver for the human body, while the toxic substances must be detoxified by the liver to avoid causing harm to one side. If we add toxins to their chemical plants for a long time, they will continue to corrode the machine, which will eventually lead to fatal consequences. It is a well-known common knowledge that “drinking hurts the liver”. Alcohol enters the human body firstly to be detoxified in the liver, and the detoxification process will result in the formation of acetaldehyde, an intermediate product toxic to liver cells, which will cause liver cell necrosis and gradually develop into alcoholic cirrhosis, forming a breeding ground for the occurrence of liver cancer. Studies show that about 40% of liver cancer cases have a history of alcohol consumption, and if alcohol consumption is removed, the incidence of liver cancer in China will be reduced by 10%. It is important to note that mixing different types of alcohol with different degrees can increase the risk of liver cancer by 10 times. For people with a history of hepatitis B and hepatitis B virus carriers, drinking alcohol is a big no-no, because alcohol will work synergistically with the virus to promote the occurrence of liver cancer. 2, do not eat moldy food Moldy peanuts, corn, rice, white potatoes, etc., due to the presence of a large number of fungi, these fungi can produce a substance called “aflatoxin”, which is 10 times more toxic than potassium cyanide, is the most powerful carcinogen known. Studies have confirmed that aflatoxin can cause liver cancer in many animals, including humans, with a minimum of 24 weeks of carcinogenesis. Food is especially susceptible to mold in warm, humid areas, and people should be careful to discard it promptly. In addition, excess aflatoxin has been found in gutter oil, substandard peanut oil, and substandard milk. There are reports that some unscrupulous businessmen contaminated with aflatoxin, should be destroyed grain for brewing or raising cows, which is a serious danger to society. 3, pay attention to water hygiene people need to ingest about 2000ml of water per day, the water is contaminated, not only contains a large number of organic carcinogens, but also conducive to the reproduction of algae, research has found that some algae produced toxins are closely related to the occurrence of liver cancer. Therefore, we should stop drinking pond water, ditch water and other stagnant water in rural areas, and drink live water such as well water or tap water, and we should use clean water sources in cities. In addition to the two aspects mentioned above, drinking alcohol, exertion, staying up late, and poor mood can lead to the progress of hepatitis B, and should be avoided. Active physical exercise to maintain good health, good work and rest habits, optimistic mood and appropriate stress reduction in life and work all have positive effects on the prevention of liver cancer. Timely detection of liver cancer at its early stage of occurrence and radical treatment so that patients can be cured are also important parts of liver cancer prevention (secondary prevention). For high-risk groups prone to liver cancer, regular examination is the key to early diagnosis of liver cancer. In China, the criteria for high-risk group are: HBsAg positive or history of chronic hepatitis, and age above 35 years. In this population, the detection rate of liver cancer is 500.5/100,000, which is 34.4 times higher than that of the general population. About 60% of liver cancer patients have elevated concentrations of a special protein called alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) detectable in their blood, so checking AFP and ultrasound is the most common method to screen for liver cancer, and the sensitivity of the combined test can reach 92%. People who belong to the high-risk group should be examined at least once every 6 months. Studies have shown that about 50% of liver cancers found in those who have regular checkups are small liver cancers less than 3cm in diameter, and most of such liver cancers can be removed by radical surgery or destroyed by various methods, and the 5-year survival rate can reach 50%. On the other hand, for those who are not regularly examined, most of them are at a more advanced stage when liver cancer is detected, and the surgical resection rate is only 7.5%, and the 5-year survival rate is only about 5%, which has serious consequences. Therefore, regular liver examination is extremely important for high-risk groups. After a century of struggle, human beings have made liver cancer a preventable and treatable disease. By actively preventing hepatitis and paying attention to healthy diet, the occurrence of liver cancer can be prevented; regular specialized checkups have been able to confirm the diagnosis of liver cancer at its early stage of development and surgically remove or destroy it before it threatens the patient’s life. Liver cancer is no longer an incurable disease.