The basic definition of osteoporosis is a decrease in bone mineral content, which as a direct consequence leads to fragility fractures. Calcium is the most dominant mineral in bone tissue, accounting for 90% of the total bone mineral. Therefore, osteoporosis can be considered as a chronic calcium deficiency-like disease of bone tissue. Thus, it is clear that adequate calcium supplementation can ensure bone growth and development, as well as the demand for calcium during bone reconstruction, which is a basic need for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. However, inorganic calcium in the human body cannot be synthesized through the body, and needs to be ingested from the outside world in various ways. How much calcium does the human body need to take in from the outside every day? Normal newborn bones contain about 20-30 grams of calcium, and by the time they reach adulthood, they contain about 1200 grams of bone calcium. During this growth and development process of about 30 years, the average daily bone calcium growth is about 110 mg, and the human body excretes about 100-200 mg of calcium from urine every day, which means that the daily calcium entering the blood from the digestive tract should be about 200-300 mg to ensure the bone growth needs. The bioavailability of calcium is about 20-30%, so it is estimated that the human body should take in 700-1500 mg of elemental calcium from the diet daily to meet the needs. Therefore, in addition to diet, some people may also need additional calcium supplements. Second, what is the effect of calcium supplementation on osteoporosis? 1. Calcium supplementation in pre-adulthood and adulthood can improve bone density. 2.Calcium supplementation after adulthood can prevent and slow down bone loss. 3. Calcium supplementation can enhance the efficacy of anti-osteoporosis drugs and prevent osteoporotic fractures. Therefore, calcium supplementation is necessary in all stages of life. Since it is necessary, it needs to be supplemented, and there are two types of daily supplementation: food and drugs. Many foods in daily life have different levels of calcium, the specific content of which can be found in the relevant information. Among common foods, milk is considered the best source of calcium, containing 120 mg of calcium per 100 ml of milk, and it is easily absorbed. Therefore, it is important to emphasize the consumption of milk for osteoporosis prevention. However, it is also important to note that milk is also high in phosphorus, which has an inhibitory effect on calcium absorption, and it is also inappropriate to overemphasize the calcium supplement value of milk. Since not everyone can get enough calcium from food, medication is also an important way to ensure that the body gets enough calcium. Nowadays, there is a wide range of calcium tablets on the market, and it is difficult to say which one is better. A principle of choice is that calcium tablets that can be fully absorbed by the body are good, and when taking calcium supplements, try to take them for a long time, several times, and in small doses. Calcium supplements can also have adverse effects, with digestive symptoms such as upper abdominal discomfort (or heartburn), constipation, etc. The effect of calcium supplementation on stones is still controversial in the medical community. It is generally believed that in patients with high urinary calcium conditions there is an increased risk of kidney stones and that calcium supplementation therapy should be used with caution. However, it has also been clinically observed that calcium raffinate does not increase the risk of stones and that calcium carbonate preparations may even reduce the incidence of oxalate stones. Of course, there are very few adverse reactions that may be related to the lack of purity in the production of calcium preparations, which contain heavy metals such as arsenic, lead and cadmium.