(1) HBeAg positive with HBV DNA ≥105 copies/m l (equivalent to 2000 IU/mL); HBeAg negative with HBV DNA ≥104 copies/m l (equivalent to 2000 IU/mL); Henan (2) ALT ≥2 × ULN; if treated with interferon, ALT should be ≤10 × ULN and total serum bilirubin should be <2 × ULN; (3) ALT <2 × ULN, but liver histology shows Knodell HAI ≥4, or inflammatory necrosis ≥G2, or fibrosis ≥S2. For those who are persistently HBV DNA-positive and fail to meet the above Antiviral therapy should also be considered for those with persistent HBV DNA positivity who do not meet the above treatment criteria but have one of the following conditions (1) Antiviral therapy should also be considered for those with ALT > upper limit of normal and age > 40 years. (2) For those who have persistently normal ALT but are older (>40 years old), they should be followed up closely, preferably with liver biopsy; if liver histology shows Knodell HAI ≥4, or inflammatory necrosis ≥G2, or fibrosis ≥S2, antiviral therapy should be actively administered. (3) If dynamic observation reveals evidence of disease progression (e.g., enlarged spleen), liver histology is recommended, and antiviral therapy should be given if necessary. Elevated ALT due to drugs, alcohol or other factors should be ruled out before starting treatment, as well as temporary normalization of ALT after application of enzyme-lowering drugs. In some special diseases such as cirrhosis or taking biphenyl structured derivatives, the AST level may be higher than ALT, and the AST level may be used as the main indicator in this case.