Gliomas occur in children and adolescents, especially in children aged 5 to 9 years old. Glioma is a common intracranial malignant tumor, which is characterized by infiltrative growth, unclear boundary and easy recurrence. The surgical treatment of glioma in functional areas of the brain is a difficult clinical problem in neurosurgery. Maximizing the removal of lesions while preserving normal brain function as much as possible, while preserving neurological function to a large extent and avoiding postoperative neurological deficits, which not only improves the quality of postoperative survival of patients, but also leads to a satisfactory long-term prognosis, is the highest goal of surgical treatment of glioma. The survival and quality of survival of patients with glioma are closely related to the degree of surgical resection. The treatment of glioma has always been one of the difficult problems for neurosurgeons, especially the surgical treatment of glioma in functional areas of the brain and low-grade glioma is a difficult problem in the clinical work of neurosurgery, and the main conflict is the extent of tumor resection and the trade-off of neurological function. At present, a comprehensive treatment mainly based on surgery is advocated, and surgical treatment is still the most commonly used and the most effective treatment for gliomas in functional areas. Complete resection of the tumor is the main means to improve the survival and quality of life of patients. However, conventional surgical methods to remove gliomas located in functional areas often fail to achieve maximum resection due to the tendency to cause neurological dysfunction. One of the main reasons is that the operator is unable to correctly identify the relationship between the cortical and subcortical structures in the functional area and the lesion during surgery. Therefore, how to perform surgery for gliomas in functional brain areas has been a concern of neurosurgical research. But early treatment and aggressive surgery are still very important for disease control!