Pleural effusion is an excessive leakage or exudation of fluid from the interstitial space of the pleural surface and accumulation in the pleural cavity. Pleural effusion is not a disease, but a consequence of systemic or pleural disease. Its symptoms include pleuritic chest pain and shortness of breath. A plain chest radiograph can suggest almost all abnormal fluid present in the pleural cavity. In contrast, routine pleural puncture fluid, biochemical cytology, and various enzymatic tests are important to clarify the primary disease. Pleural needle biopsy is also one of the commonly used diagnostic methods. Television thoracoscopy has an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of pleural effusion. While obtaining pleural fluid specimens, TV thoracoscopy allows direct observation of the nature and extent of pleural lesions, examination of the entire pleural cavity and biopsy of suspected lesions in the pleura, lung and pericardium, significantly improving the diagnostic rate of pleural effusion. Physical friction and talc pleural adhesions can be performed simultaneously with thoracoscopy in patients with cancerous pleural effusion, which is the most effective method to reduce the formation of pleural cavity effusion. TV thoracoscopy has shown great superiority in the clinical application of whistle endoscopy as it has less damage, faster recovery, lower cost, higher safety and greatly shortens the diagnosis time, improves the diagnosis rate and treatment success rate. The procedure usually requires only 3-5 days of hospitalization and can be discharged.